Further study on the flammability of polyurea: the effect of intumescent coating and additive flame retardants

Awad, Walid H.; Wilkie, Charles A.

doi:10.1002/pat.1963

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…As the FR mechanism of similar intumescent coating systems has been well documented in the literature [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], this manuscript will not focus on its FR mechanism. Instead, the emphasis will be on identifying the key performance pointers in the material- and bulk-scale tests that could provide an indication of how the coating might perform in the structural-scale fire tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Zope

Dasari

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Material-scale tests involving milligrams of samples are used to optimize fire-retardant coating formulations, but actual applications of these coatings require them to be assessed with structural-scale fire tests. This significant difference in the scale of testing (milligrams to kilograms of sample) raises many questions on the relations between the inherent flammability and thermal characteristics of the coating materials and their “performance” at the structural scale. Moreover, the expected “performance” requirements and the definition of “performance” varies at different scales. In this regard, the pathway is not established when designing and formulating fire-retardant coatings for structural steel sections or members. This manuscript explores the fundamental relationships across different scales of testing with the help of a fire-protective system based on acrylic resin with a typical combination of intumescent additives, viz. ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and expandable graphite. One of the main outcomes of this work dictates that higher heat release rate values and larger amounts of material participating in the pyrolysis process per unit time will result in a rapid rise in steel substrate temperature. This information is very useful in the design and development of generic fire-retardant coatings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Zope

Dasari

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…Subsequently, they also found that the change in morphology is responsible for the variation of key properties, such as thermal conductivity, volume swelling, and apparent density. 57,58 Awad and Wilkie 59 have observed both waterborne and solvent-based commercial intumescent coatings provide better fire retardancy to elastomeric polyurea coating sample compared with the sample containing flame retardant additives.…”

Section: Test Methods and Characterization Of Intumescent Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments of intumescent fire protection coatings for structural steel: A review

Mariappan

2016

Journal of Fire Sciences

151

115

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Intumescent paints are specially formulated reactive coatings designed to swell or expand into thick foamed char upon exposure to heat, protecting the substrates against fire by insulation and providing a protective barrier to heat and mass transfer. The present review describes some recent work related to the development of intumescent fire protective coating that is suitable for the protection of non-flammable substrates, such as structural steel, against fire. The key factors in the intumescent formulations, binders, flame retardants, fillers, modifiers, nano-dimensional additives, and weathering that affect the properties and performance of intumescent coatings are described. An attempt has also been made to describe different fire protection methods and testing characterizations involved in the fire protection of structural steel using intumescent fire-resistant coatings.

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“…From the results listed in Table 3, it can be seen that when the content of HAC is higher than 5 wt%, the char residue masses given by experiment are higher than theoretical computed values, meaning that HAC can promote the char formation and improve the yield of the char residue. There may exist a synergism effect between the α-ZrP plates and IFRs combined with it, and it is beneficial to improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy performance of PVA composites [33,34]. Table 4 gives the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values and vertical burning test (UL-94) results of pure PVA and PVA systems with different additives.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis Of Pva/hac Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization of α-zirconium phosphate with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and its application in the flame retardant poly(vinyl alcohol) composites

Lei

et al. 2016

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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A planar-like inorganic α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) particles were modified by a kind of cyclophosphazene derivative via three-step hybridization method, first modified by melamine (MA), then combined with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) through nucleophilic substitution and further integrated with excessive MA. Thus, a hybrid flame retardant (HAC) was successfully synthesized. The composites based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and HAC were prepared by solution blending. The thermal, mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the composites were studied. It was found that HAC showed a catalytic effect in the initial decomposition stage and promoted the formation of char at high temperatures. When the content of HAC was 15 wt%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 28.4% and classified V-0 rating, whereas with the same content of fire retardant, for PVA/α-ZrP and PVA/product of MA with HCCP composites (one kind of intumescent flame retardant IFR), the LOI values were only 24.7% and 27.1%, respectively. The combination of IFR and α-ZrP could remarkably improve the yield and graphitization of char residues, make the char more stable, compact and continuous, inhibiting underlying PVA from contacting heat and oxygen. Moreover, the mechanical properties could be reinforced and toughened with certain content of HAC.

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Further study on the flammability of polyurea: the effect of intumescent coating and additive flame retardants

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Correlating the Performance of a Fire-Retardant Coating across Different Scales of Testing

Recent developments of intumescent fire protection coatings for structural steel: A review

Hybridization of α-zirconium phosphate with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and its application in the flame retardant poly(vinyl alcohol) composites

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