“…As an important indicator of material property, the pH value was widely applied in various fields such as chemical engineering, chemical kinetic mechanism, and chemical industry. − In the past decades, many methods had been studied for pH detection, ranging from low precision to high precision, such as pH meters and acid–base indicators. − The pH meters had been proved to be an effective approach for pH detection because of their convenience, excellent accuracy, and high efficiency. However, its development was limited due to high cost and vulnerability. − As for the acid–base indicator, it was utilized for the detection of pH by changing color in different acidic or alkaline solutions.…”