Further studies on the problem of goitre in Ceylon

Mahadeva, K.; Seneviratne, D. A.; Jayatilleke, D. B.; Shanmuganathan, Sulojana; Premachandra, P.; Nagarajah, M.

doi:10.1079/bjn19680063

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It was confined to the south-Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation R Jayatissa 1 , MM Gunathilaka 2 and DN Fernando 3 (Index words: Goitre rate, household salt iodine level, urinary iodine) west region of the island extending over the whole of the Western, Sabaragamuwa, Central and Southern Provinces and part of the Uva Province, which constitute the wet zone of the country, with a very high annual rainfall of 250-500 cm. Over 70% of the population of the island resides in this zone [2]. The high annual rainfall in this area was believed to leach the soil of iodine resulting in iodine deficiency [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation

2009

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Earlier studies done in Sri Lanka have indicated the importance of iodine deficiency as a public health problem. The universal salt iodisation programme has been implemented since 1995. The goals of salt iodisation are reduction of the goitre rate to <5% in school-aged children, to maintain the median urinary iodine level in the population between 100-200 µg/L and >90% of households using iodised salt. Objective To estimate the goitre prevalence, the urinary iodine level, and measure the household iodised salt consumption pattern by Province. Method A school-based study of 6574 randomly selected children in the age group 8-10 years, from 263 schools was assessed for goitre by palpation. The concentration of urinary iodine levels was measured in 2630 of these children. Estimation of iodine in the 6181 samples of salt used in households of the schoolchildren was also assessed by test kits. Results The prevalence of goitre in the Provinces varied from 16.3% to 26.2%. The median urinary iodine levels were above the cutoff point of 100 µg/L in all Provinces except in Uva. The highest median urinary iodine level was reported in North Central Province (231.3 µg/L). Overall, 35.4% of the children had urine iodine levels in the 'ideal' range (100-199.9 µg/L); 30.6% with lower values (<100 µg/L) indicated iodine deficiency and 16.3% with higher values (< 300 µg/L) indicated excessive iodine intake. Only 49.5% of households had used adequately iodised salt. Conclusions This study showed that iodine deficiency still exists in Uva Province, and that more than adequate iodine levels were found in the North Central Province. The level of permitted salt iodine at household level needs to be revised.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore a lack of iodine in food and water was considered to be of primary aetiological importance [4]. Mahadeva in the 1960s reported that endemic goitre was not associated with cretinism or deaf mutism to any significant extent [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation

2009

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“…However, the link between poor iodine consumption and endemic goitre was first recognised only in the 20th century in a WHO study that confirmed high goitre rates, an iodine-poor diet, and low iodine concentrations in drinking water in 1950 [7]. Mahadeva and his group in 1960 identified a "goitre belt" extending across the western, central, southern, sabaragamuwa, and uva provinces in Sri Lanka [8]. The high annual rainfall in these regions led experts to believe that iodine was "leeched" from the soil, leading to iodine deficiency.…”

Section: History Of Iodine Deficiency and Its Management In Sri Lankamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Iodine Nutrition During Two Decades of Continuous Universal Salt Iodisation in Sri Lanka

et al. 2020

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Universal salt iodisation (USI) was introduced in Sri Lanka in 1995. Since then, four national iodine surveys have assessed the iodine nutrition status of the population. We retrospectively reviewed median urine iodine concentration (mUIC) and goitre prevalence in 16,910 schoolchildren (6–12 years) in all nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the mUIC of pregnant women, drinking-water iodine level, and the percentage of households consuming adequately (15 mg/kg) iodised salt (household salt iodine, HHIS). The mUIC of schoolchildren increased from 145.3 µg/L (interquartile range (IQR) = 84.6–240.4) in 2000 to 232.5 µg/L (IQR = 159.3–315.8) in 2016, but stayed within recommended levels. Some regional variability in mUIC was observed (178.8 and 297.3 µg/L in 2016). There was positive association between mUIC in schoolchildren and water iodine concentration. Goitre prevalence to palpation was a significantly reduced from 18.6% to 2.1% (p < 0.05). In pregnant women, median UIC increased in each trimester (102.3 (61.7–147.1); 217.5 (115.6–313.0); 273.1 (228.9–337.6) µg/L (p = 0.000)). We conclude that the introduction and maintenance of a continuous and consistent USI programme has been a success in Sri Lanka. In order to sustain the programme, it is important to retain monitoring of iodine status while tracking salt-consumption patterns to adjust the recommended iodine content of edible salt.

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“…Iodine deficiency was identified as a major health problem in Sri Lanka in the late 1940s. Earlier studies found a higher incidence of goiter particularly in the wet zone of Sri Lanka, which was subsequently termed the “goiter belt” [ 34 , 35 ]. The major etiological factor for endemic goiter was found to be a lack of iodine in the food and water.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Mnd In Sri Lankamentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient Status in Sri Lanka: A Review

et al. 2018

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Micronutrients include vitamins, minerals and, trace elements that are required in minute quantities but play a vital role in normal human growth, development and physiological functioning. Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, are a global issue, with particularly high prevalence rates in developing countries. Currently, Sri Lanka is experiencing the double burden of over- and undernutrition. This review describes the micronutrient status of Sri Lanka based on results of national surveys and related articles published from 2000. The available data suggest a higher prevalence of iron, zinc, calcium, folate, and vitamin A deficiencies. The prevalence of iodine deficiency has declined gradually following the implementation of a universal salt iodization program. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia and low red blood cell indices. Females are more vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies than males. The coexistence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies and concurrent macro- and micronutrient deficiencies is common. Studies have shown an association between micronutrient deficiencies and different demographic, socioeconomic, and dietary factors. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive studies, nutritional policies, and nationwide intervention programs in Sri Lanka to improve the micronutrient status of the population.

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Further studies on the problem of goitre in Ceylon

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation

Iodine nutrition status among schoolchildren after salt iodisation

Stable Iodine Nutrition During Two Decades of Continuous Universal Salt Iodisation in Sri Lanka

Micronutrient Status in Sri Lanka: A Review

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