Further Studies on Intestinal Emphysema of Swine

Pathology of emphysematous reticulitis in cattle: report of two cases and comparative overview of similar or identical conditions

“…Previously published reports of these relevant conditions are listed under various diagnostic terms in Table 1. The conditions may affect some different organs-the intestine of human beings (Hughes et al 1966;Wyatt 1972;Horn and Fine 1977;Read et al 1984;Galandiuk and Fazio 1986;Gaqliardi et al 1996;Antosz and Zaniewski 2004;Gyrany et al 2005;Azzaroli et al 2011;Wo et al 2013;Choi et al 2014;Klimova et al 2014;Grimm et al 2015;Kancherla et al 2015;Hanna et al 2016;Kinjo 2016), pig (Biester et al 1936;Eveleth and Biester 1938;Egerton and Murrell 1965;Meyer and Simon 1977), dog (Degner 1992), rabbit (Peris et al 2005), mouse (Takahashi et al 1984), and poultry (Biester et al 1936;Cohrs 1966); lung of cattle (Ohfuji 1993); lymph node of cattle (Ohfuji 1994) and horse (Mendoza et al 2011); and rumen of cattle (Ohfuji 2015).…”

“…In domestic animals, the production of gas by bacteria is tentatively implicated in swine intestinal emphysema (Eveleth and Biester 1938;Meyer and Simon 1977;Baker et al 1993). Some authors suggest the existence of a correlation between rice feeding and this swine condition, and they demonstrated that gas within emphysema cysts is mostly composed of oxygen and nitrogen (Biester et al 1936).…”

“…Horse Emphysematous lymphadenitis Mendoza et al 2011 Pig Intestinal emphysema or pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Biester et al 1936, Eveleth and Biester 1938, Egerton and Murrell 1965, Meyer and Simon 1977 Pneumatosis coli Degner 1992 Rabbit Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Peris et al 2005 Mouse Intestinal emphysema Takahashi et al 1984 Poultry Intestinal emphysema Biester et al 1936, Cohrs 1966 a Some of previously published reports are listed emphysematous lymphangiocentric conditions closely associated with eosinophilic and granulomatous inflammation would be needed to better understand the underlying mechanism for the development of the conditions.…”

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in Iran.

“…Eveleth and Biester (1938) Gas-forming organisms Koss (1952) Mechanical Koss (1952) Alveolar rupture Doub and Shea (1960); Keyting et al (1961) Acid-base disturbance Kenney (1963) In 1963 Kenney proposed that these patients have acid-base disturbances with difficulty in excretion of CO2 and that the PCI may represent an attempt by the body to get rid of excess C02. Gas analysis of the contents of these cysts has shown variable contents of hydrogen, 10 %-50 %; oxygen, 7 %-20 %, and C02, 1 %-15 %, but relatively constant amounts of N2, approximately 70 %-75 % (Stiennon, 1951;Mujahed and Evans, 1958;Hughes et al, 1966).…”

“…The extensive review by MacKenzie (1951), Koss in 1952, Romeo (1967, and the more recent review by Ecker et al (1971) and the experience of the Mayo Clinic, reported by Shallal et al (1974), give an idea of the accumulated world experience of this condition. As far as the aetiology of this 'disease' is concerned the reader should refer to the works of Finney (1908), Eveleth and Biester (1938), Koss (1952), Keyting et al (1961), Doub and Shea (1960), Kenney (1963) and, in more recent years, to Stone et al (1970) and Yale et al (1974). The distribution of this disease appears to be world-wide and favours no particular geographical area, although, to our knowledge, no studies have appeared in the world literature with particular reference to this point.…”