Further Studies on Flocculation and Co-Flocculation in Brewer's Yeast Strains

Stewart, Graham G.; Russell, Inge; Garrison, I. F.

doi:10.1080/00960845.1973.12006010

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The observed effect of pH on flocculation suggested carboxyl groups as the most likely combining sites [2]. Both carboxyl and phosphate groups can be considered as functional groups of amino acid side chains of the proteins on the cell walls, corroborating the loss of flocculation observed after treatment with proteases and proteindenaturing agents [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, the calcium bridge hypothesis could not explain the observed inhibition of flocculation by sugars.…”

Section: Basics Of Yeast Flocculation Yeast Flocculation Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 53%

Applications of yeast flocculation in biotechnological processes

Domingues

Vicente

Lima

et al. 2000

Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.

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A review on the main aspects associated with yeast flocculation and its application in biotechnological processes is presented. This subject is addressed following three main aspects -the basics of yeast flocculation, the development of "new" flocculating yeast strains and bioreactor development. In what concerns the basics of yeast flocculation, the state of the art on the most relevant aspects of mechanism, physiology and genetics of yeast flocculation is reported. The construction of flocculating yeast strains includes not only the recombinant constitutive flocculent brewer's yeast, but also recombinant flocculent yeast for lactose metabolisation and ethanol production. Furthermore, recent work on the heterologous β-galactosidase production using a recombinant flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered. As bioreactors using flocculating yeast cells have particular properties, mainly associated with a high solid phase hold-up, a section dedicated to its operation is presented. Aspects such as bioreactor productivity and culture stability as well as bioreactor hydrodynamics and mass transfer properties of flocculating cell cultures are considered. Finally, the paper concludes describing some of the applications of high cell density flocculation bioreactors and discussing potential new uses of these systems.

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Section: Basics Of Yeast Flocculation Yeast Flocculation Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 53%

Applications of yeast flocculation in biotechnological processes

Domingues

Vicente

Lima

et al. 2000

Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.

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“…Soares has also published a comprehensive review of flocculation in S. cerevisiae . The flocculating property of a particular yeast culture is one of the major factors when considering important characteristics during brewing and distilling fermentations, particularly brewing . Flocculation has many definitions .…”

Section: Yeast Flocculation and Cell Wall Structure And Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

125^thAnniversary Review: Developments in brewing and distilling yeast strains

2013

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Progress during the past 25 years regarding our knowledge of brewer's yeast strains is considered. This is not a comprehensive review but rather focuses on some specific areas. These areas include a brief description of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics as applied to brewer's yeast strains. This review subsequently considers differences between ale and lager yeast strains, the uptake and metabolism of wort sugars and amino acids, yeast flocculation, yeast management between fermentations and yeast strain genetic stability. The question of process intensification, with particular attention to highgravity brewing, is also addressed. Fermentation systems and processes are considered with an emphasis on novel procedures for stirred fermentations.

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“…Irreversible abolition of flocculation by proteindenaturing agents, both chemical and enzymatic (Eddy and Rudin, 1958a;Stewart et al, 1973;Nishihara et al, 1977Nishihara et al, , 1982, clearly demonstrated involvement of surface proteins in the flocculation process. This fitted well with the calcium-bridging theory, in that carboxyl groups were normally found on proteins.…”

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confidence: 95%

Yeast flocculation: Reconciliation of physiological and genetic viewpoints

Stratford

1992

Yeast

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Yeast flocculation results from surface expression of specific proteins (lectins). Two flocculation phenotypes were suggested by physiological and biochemical tests, whereas genetic data suggested a larger number of mechanisms of flocculation. After reviewing the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of flocculation, a new hypothesis combining the data available from these different sources, is proposed. Flocculation results when lectins present on flocculent cell walls bind to sugar residues of neighbouring cell walls. These sugar receptors are intrinsic to the mannan comprising cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two lectin phenotypes were revealed by sugar inhibition studies. The gluco- and mannospecific NewFlo phenotype is not, as yet, found in genetically defined strains. Mannospecific flocculation (Flo1 phenotype) is found in strains containing the genes FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8. This phenotype is also found following mutation of the TUP1 or CYC8 loci, in previously non-flocculent strains. It is therefore proposed that the structural gene for mannospecific flocculation is common or possibly ubiquitous in non-flocculent strains and in consequence, FLO1, FLO5 and FLO8 are probably regulatory genes, exerting positive control over the structural gene. Flocculation expression requires lectin secretion to the cell surface. Many of the observed 'suppressions' of flocculation may be due to mutations of the secretory process, involved in transporting structural proteins to the cell wall. The possible involvement of killer L double-stranded RNA with flocculation is suggested, given the lectin properties of viral coat proteins and an association between L double-stranded RNA and the Flo1 phenotype.

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Further Studies on Flocculation and Co-Flocculation in Brewer's Yeast Strains

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Applications of yeast flocculation in biotechnological processes

Applications of yeast flocculation in biotechnological processes

125^thAnniversary Review: Developments in brewing and distilling yeast strains

Yeast flocculation: Reconciliation of physiological and genetic viewpoints

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Further Studies on Flocculation and Co-Flocculation in Brewer's Yeast Strains

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Applications of yeast flocculation in biotechnological processes

Applications of yeast flocculation in biotechnological processes

125thAnniversary Review: Developments in brewing and distilling yeast strains

Yeast flocculation: Reconciliation of physiological and genetic viewpoints

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

125^thAnniversary Review: Developments in brewing and distilling yeast strains