Further Studies on Ancylostoma Braziliense and the Etiology of Creeping Eruption*

Dove, W. E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117837

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…caninum, and A. tubaeforme. The greatest enzyme activity was found in A. braziliense, the species classically identified as the cause of cutaneous larva migrans (7,(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

et al. 1992

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During skin penetration, infective hookworm larvae encounter hyaluronic acid as they migrate between epidermal keratinocytes and through the ground substance of the dermis. A hyaluronidase would facilitate passage through the epidermis and dermis during larval invasion. Zoonotic hookworm larvae of the genus Ancylostoma were shown to contain a hyaluronidase activity that migrated on modified sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) hyaluronic acid gels with an apparent Mr of 49,000. A second form with an M, of 87,000 was also identified. The major etiologic agent of cutaneous larva migrans, A. braziliense, was shown to have the greatest enzyme activity, hydrolyzing up to 3.3 Kg of hyaluronic acid per h per ,ug of total parasite protein at pH 6.0, whereas A. caninum and A. tubaeforme each had much less enzyme activity. The differences in enzyme activities between species correlated with differences in the intensities of the lytic zones at 49 and 87 kDa on SDS-PAGE hyaluronic acid gels. Hookworm hyaluronidase activity exhibited a broad pH optimum between 6.0 and 8.0 and did not hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate, two features that suggest that the hookworm enzyme is more like the invertebrate leech hyaluronidase than mammalian testicular or lysosomal hyaluronidase. Larvae of A. braziliense were shown to release hyaluronidase activity and degrade radiolabeled hyaluronic acid in vitro. Gold sodium thiomalate was identified as an enzyme inhibitor. The hyaluronidase is the second major virulence factor that we have identified from infective hookworm larvae. * Corresponding author. sively in the basal layer of the epidermis to cause cutaneous larva migrans (7, 27-29).

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“…caninum, and A. tubaeforme. The greatest enzyme activity was found in A. braziliense, the species classically identified as the cause of cutaneous larva migrans (7,(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

et al. 1992

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“…The canine hookworms Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala are widely distributed soil-transmitted helminths causing morbidity in dogs and are agents of zoonoses [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Each hookworm species differs considerably in its geographical distribution, life cycle, biology, pathogenic impact on both canine and human hosts, zoonotic potential and response to anthelminthic treatment [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Dogs and humans become infected percutaneously or orally via the ingestion of the ensheathed larvae in soil or via contaminated food or water [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All canine hookworm species cause cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) [20]. In human patients, A. braziliense is by far the most frequently implicated, as it is the only species capable of causing classical 'creeping eruptions', a prolonged highly pruritic and serpiginous eruption within the dermis that may persist for over 100 days, if untreated [9][10][11]. In humans, A. caninum is a well-recognized agent of eosinophilic enteritis and aphthous ileitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput multiplex qPCRs for the surveillance of zoonotic species of canine hookworms

et al. 2020

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The canine hookworms Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala are not only capable of producing morbidity and mortality in dogs but are also neglected tropical zoonoses. Each hookworm species differs considerably in its geographical distribution, life cycle, biology, pathogenic impacts on both canine and human hosts, zoonotic potential, and response to treatment with anthelminthics. Here we describe the development and validation of two Taq-Man based multiplex PCR assays capable of detecting and differentiating all four canine hookworm species in faeces of naturally infected dogs. The analytical sensitivity of both assays was assessed using 10fold serial dilutions of synthetic gene block fragments containing individual sequence targets of each hookworm species. The sensitivity of the assays and ability to detect mixed species infections were compared to a conventional PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism based-approach when applied to laboratory and field samples from endemic areas. The qPCRs detected at least one species of hookworms in 82.4% of PCR-RFLP-negative but microscopy-positive samples. The qPCRs detected an additional 68% mixed infections with different species of canine hookworms, and additional single species infection with A. caninum (47%), U. stenocephala (33%) and A. ceylanicum (0.02%) that were missed by PCR-RFLP. These multiplex qPCR assays will assist field based epidemiological surveillance studies towards an accurate and sensitive monitoring of canine hookworm infections in dogs, to inform their species-specific zoonotic risks to populations living in endemic areas, globally.

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“…From a morbidity standpoint, the most important difference between the three species is that A. caninum causes far greater blood loss per worm (0.08 - 0.2 ml/day) [ 3 ] than A. ceylanicum (0.033 ml/day) [ 4 ], A. braziliense (0.002 ml/day) and U. stenocephala (0.0003 ml/day) [ 3 ]. All canine hookworms are zoonotic and capable of producing cutaneous larva migrans or ‘ground itch’ in humans, however, A. braziliense is the only species responsible for producing prolonged ‘creeping eruptions’, with tracts in the skin being recorded for over 100 days in some cases [ 5 ]. In addition to this, the pre-adult stage of A. caninum is a well-recognised aetiological agent of eosinophilic enteritis [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluation of the species of hookworms infecting dogs in Central Vietnam

et al. 2015

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BackgroundDifferentiation of canine hookworm species is crucial from both a veterinary and public health standpoint. In Vietnam, three hookworm species, namely Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense and Uncinaria stenocephala are reported to infect dogs. In light of the emerging distribution of A. ceylanicum in Asia, this study aims to re-evaluate the status of Ancylostoma in dogs in Vietnam.MethodsFaecal samples collected from 200 community dogs in Dak Lak province were subjected to faecal floatation for the detection of hookworm eggs. Hookworm-positive samples were subjected to a PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA for hookworm species identification. A subset of hookworm-positive samples was also subject to haplotype characterisation at the cytochrome oxidase-1 (COX-1) gene. Detailed morphological criteria were utilised in addition to molecular markers, to identify adult hookworms recovered from necropsied dogs.ResultsOf 200 canine faecal samples, 111 (55.5 %) were positive for hookworm eggs on faecal flotation. Of these, 94/111 (84.7 %) were successfully amplified and assigned species status by PCR-RFLP targeting the ITS region. In total, 54.3 % (51/94) dogs harboured single infections with A. ceylanicum, 33.0 % (31/94) with A. caninum, and 12.7 % (12/94) harboured mixed infections with both A. ceylanicum and A. caninum. Adult worms recovered from necropsied dogs matched morphological description provided for A. ceylanicum, Looss (1911) for which the mediolateral and posteriolateral rays are parallel. Characterisation of the COX-1 gene placed all Vietnamese canine isolates of A. ceylanicum within the ‘zoonotic’ haplotype.ConclusionBased on this information, it is apparent that the hookworms present in dogs in Vietnam are those of A. ceylanicum and not A. braziliense. Owing to the endemic nature of this significant zoonosis in dogs, the study strongly advocates for specific identification of this hookworm in human hookworm surveys.

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Further Studies on Ancylostoma Braziliense and the Etiology of Creeping Eruption*

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans

High-throughput multiplex qPCRs for the surveillance of zoonotic species of canine hookworms

Re-evaluation of the species of hookworms infecting dogs in Central Vietnam

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