Further spread of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga, to the west and north in Central Europe

Holuša, Jaroslav; Zúbrik, Milan; Resnerová, Karolína; Vanická, Hana; Líška, Ján; Mertelik, J.; Takov, Danail; Trombik, Jiří; Hajek, Ann E.; Pilarska, Daniela

doi:10.1007/s41348-020-00366-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the following years, the range of the pathogen expanded in the countries in which it has established its presence (Hrašovec et al, 2013;Netoiu et al, 2016;Zubrik et al, 2016). In 2019, an epizootic of E. maimaiga was found in two localities of the gypsy moth in Austria (Hoch et al, 2019) and five localities in the Czech Republic (Holuša et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) by the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in Bulgaria in 2021

Georgiev¹,

Mirchev²,

Георгиева³

et al. 2021

SBAL

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In 2021, biological control programme against gipsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations was carried out by introduction of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga on the territory of four State Forest Enterprises: Municipal Enterprise (ME) ‘Management of Municipal Forests, Agriculture and Forestry’, Nessebar; State Game Enterprises (SGE) Nessebar and Balchik; State Forestry (SF) Vidin. The pathogen was introduced during the period 15-26.03.2021 in 34 localities - five in ME Nessebar, eight in SGE Nessebar, ten in SGE Balchik and eleven in SF Vidin. The average number of gypsy moth population density in the locations of introduction was relatively high, ranging between 0.4-15.9 egg mass/tree in the area of SGE Balchik and 11.9-65.0 egg mass/tree in the area of ME Nessebar. The average mortality of young gypsy moth caterpillars (first-third instar) due to E. maimaiga varied between 2.6% (SGE Balchik) and 13.0% (SF Vidin), and of caterpillars in later fourth-sixth instar - between 20.7% (SF Vidin) and 52.4% (ME Nessebar). The overall mortality of the gipsy moth caterpillars due to E. maimaiga was lowest in the region of SGE Balchik (26.1%), followed by SF Vidin (33.7%), SGE Nessebar (48.5%) and ME Nessebar (55.9%). As a result of the introduction, gipsy moth severe outbreaks in the region of Nessebar was significantly suppressed. The high number of E. maimaiga resting spores persists in the surface layers of the soil in the other two areas (Vidin and Balchik) has the potential to suppress L. dispar attacks in next years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) by the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in Bulgaria in 2021

Georgiev¹,

Mirchev²,

Георгиева³

et al. 2021

SBAL

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“…The nuclear polyhedrosis virus Ld NPV (Lefavirales: Baculoviridae) is essentially involved in the collapse of virtually all spongy moth outbreaks (Alalouni et al, 2013; Doane, 1970; Weiser, 1998; Wellenstein & Schwenke, 1978). In the past decade, Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophtorales: Entomophtoraceae) spread rapidly throughout much of Europe after its release in Bulgaria in 1999 (Holuša et al, 2020) and was first detected in Austria in 2019 (Hoch et al, 2019). Multiple infection cycles and rapid host death make E. maimaiga often a superior competitor in case of co‐infections with other pathogens or parasitoids (Elkinton et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past decade, Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophtorales: Entomophtoraceae) spread rapidly throughout much of Europe after its release in Bulgaria in 1999 (Holuša et al, 2020) and was first detected in Austria in 2019 (Hoch et al, 2019). Multiple infection cycles and rapid host death make E. maimaiga often a superior competitor in case of co-infections with other pathogens or parasitoids (Elkinton et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitoids and pathogens in a collapsing Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) population in Lower Austria

Zankl,

Schafellner,

Hoch

2023

J Applied Entomology

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A local population outbreak of the spongy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in Lower Austria, resulted in the defoliation of an oak forest in 2018 and 2019. In the study year 2020, the population density was still high but was expected to decline. In the present work, the role of parasitoids and pathogens in the collapse of the population was investigated. In total, 20 egg masses, 680 larvae and 12 pupae of L. dispar were collected in the field from April to July 2020 and reared until the emergence of adult moths or death. Causes of mortality were determined based on emerging parasitoids and on microscope inspection of non‐parasitized cadavers. Stage‐specific mortality rates were calculated for eggs, larval stages (L1–L6) and pupae. Seven parasitoid species and three pathogens were responsible for the premature death of spongy moths. The egg parasitoid Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) emerged from 19% of all eggs. Larval parasitoids caused stage‐specific mortality rates from 15% to 61%. The dominant parasitoid of young and intermediate instars was the solitary wasp Glyptapanteles porthetriae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Mature larvae were mainly parasitized by the parasitic flies Blepharipa pratensis (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Parasetigena silvestris (Diptera: Tachinidae). Pathogens caused stage‐specific mortality rates from 11% to 41%. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV; Lefavirales: Baculoviridae) was the dominant pathogen in all instars. The introduced fungus Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomopthoraceae)—detected for the first time in Austria in 2019—caused low mortality rates in older larvae. Starting from high egg mass densities in spring, the spongy moth population declined to negligible levels until summer.

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“…Oleh karenanya sangat dianjurkan untuk mengonsumsi kafein tidak melebihi batas yang diperbolehkan. FDA (Food Drug Administration) mengungkapkan dosis kafein yang diizinkan 100-200mg/hari sedangkan menurut SNI 01-7152-2006 batas maksimum kafein dalam makanan dan minuman adalah 150mg/hari dan 50 mg/sajian ( (Holuša et al, 2021).…”

unclassified

Analisis Kafein Dalam Kopi Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis

Abriyani,

Yanti,

Yuliani

et al. 2022

JCS

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Kafein merupakan senyawa turunan alkaloid yang dapat ditemukan dalam kopi, teh dan minuman kemasan lainnya. Kelebihan kafein dapat menyebabkan sakit kepala, munculnya perasaan was-was dan cemas, serta dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada lambung dan pencernaan. Oleh karenanya sangat dianjurkan untuk tidak mengonsumsi kafein melebihi batas yang diperbolehkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar kafein dalam kopi bubuk menggunakan metode spektrofotometri uv-vis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan jenis penelitian Literatur Riview Article dengan hasil database yang diambil dari berbagai artikel melalui Google Scholer. Hasil dari berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kafein yang terdapat dalam kopi mengandung senyawa kimia alkaloid dan aktivitas farmakologi seperti menstimulasikan saraf pusat, relaksasi otot polos terutama otot polos bronkus dan menstimulasi otot jantung.

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Further spread of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga, to the west and north in Central Europe

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Biological control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) by the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in Bulgaria in 2021

Biological control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) by the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga in Bulgaria in 2021

Parasitoids and pathogens in a collapsing Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) population in Lower Austria

Analisis Kafein Dalam Kopi Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis

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