Further observations on the enlargement of synaptic vesicles in degenerating optic nerve terminals of the avian tectum

Akert, K.; Cuénod, Michel; Moor, H.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90437-9

Cited by 54 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This stage could be considered to be the intermediate one. The dense substances in the synaptic vesicles seemed to increase in size, but synaptic vesicles themselves, did not increase in size, as mentioned by other investigators (2,5). In the severest degeneration, synaptic terminals displayed strongly dense profiles where any mitochondria or synaptic vesicles could hardly be found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Zio Staining for Degenerating Terminals of Rat Spinal Cords After Transection

Ibata

Matsuura

Nojyo

et al. 1973

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide(ZIO) staining still having an unresolved problem in its reactive mechanism as silver impregnation has been applied for the morphological investigation of synaptic endings (1, 3-9, 11, 12). Synaptic vesicles appear very electron dense with this staining. Degenerating terminals proved to be more strongly reactive to this staining than normal terminals. There have been few attempts to scrutinize degenerating terminals of mammalian central nervous system by means of this staining. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to detect the structure of degenerating terminals and to distinguish the degenerating stages using this staining method. MATERIALS AND METHODSFifteen albino rats were used in this study; 12 as experimental materials, 3 as control.Total-or hemisection was performed on the animals in this experiment at the upper thoracic segment under nembutal anaesthesia. After survival periods from 1 to 7 days, they were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde adjusted at pH 7.4 with 0.05 M phosphate through the left ventricle. After perfusion, some parts of the spinal cord beneath the operated portion just adjacent to the portion of operation to the lumbar enlargement were removed and divided into two batches, one for ordinary electron microscopy and the other for ZIO reaction.The portion just adjacent to the operated segment in the rats surviving 7 days should show severest degenerating axons and terminals, while we should encounter axons and terminals with lightest damage in the lumbar enlargement of animals surviving for one day.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Zio Staining for Degenerating Terminals of Rat Spinal Cords After Transection

Ibata

Matsuura

Nojyo

et al. 1973

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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Section: Xmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The presynaptic terminals in Figure 4 appear more dense and granular than usual. This may be indicative of early degenerative changes as described by Akert, Cuenod, and Moor, (1971) and Westrum and Black (1971). It appears that isolated synaptic complexes which retained their vesicular content do not have prominent presynaptic dense projections (Figs.…”

Section: Presynaptic Terminal Synaptic Cleft (Sc) Presynaptic Dense Pmentioning

confidence: 87%

Isolation and ultrastructure of human synaptic complexes

et al. 1973

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SUMMARYIntact synaptic complexes were isolated from five human cerebral cortices obtained 4-20 hr after death. Synaptic complexes had a common isopycnic banding density of 1.17-1.20 in CsC1. Their banding densities and ultrastructural features were similar to those of complexes isolated from a variety of other mammalian species. The ultrastructure of the synaptic complexes isolated from different aged subjects (2, 3, 28, 76, and 78 years old) were similar.

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“…This phenomenon, called Wallerian degeneration, is followed by the removal of the myelin sheath, whereas the oligodendrocyte which synthesizes this membrane in the central nervous system remains. A morphological analysis of the early stage of Wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system shows the accumulation of axoplasmic organelles at the node of Ranvier (Mastaglia et al, 1976) and destruction of nerve terminals (Colonnier, 1964;Akert et al, 1971). In the central nervous system, the destruction of the myelin sheath starts at the paranodal region (Mastaglia et al, 1976) and proceeds slowly: after 100 days, the degradation of the myelin sheath is still not complete (Bignami and Ralston, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin Proteins, Glycoproteins, and Myelin‐Related Enzymes in Experimental Demyelination of the Rabbit Optic Nerve: Sequence of Events

Reigner

Matthieu

Kraus-Ruppert

et al. 1981

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Wallerian degeneration of the rabbit optic nerve was investigated by the technique of retinal ablation which precludes edema, hemorrhage, or macrophage infiltration. After 8 days of degeneration, marked degradation of axons and some myelin abnormalities appeared in the optic nerve, optic chiasma, and optic tract. Myelin lesions were maximal 32 days after retinal destruction. The amount of material stained with a myelin dye decreased drastically between 32 and 90 days after the operation. Biochemical parameters gave the following sequence of events. The concentration of the major periodic acid--Schiff staining glycoproteins was decreased after 2 days, and 6 days later the presence of cholesterol esters was detected in the optic tissue. After 16 days of Wallerian degeneration, the specific activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase not associated with myelin decreased, indicating a possible de-differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Degradation of myelin basic protein became significant at 32 days and the amount of myelin isolated decreased later. The loss of myelin basic protein coincided with a reduction of myelin periodicity as measured in purified fractions by electron microscopy. These results show that secondary myelin destruction in the absence of edema, hemorrhage, or macrophages is a very slow process, and in this situation myelin undergoes a selective and sequential loss of its constituents.

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Further observations on the enlargement of synaptic vesicles in degenerating optic nerve terminals of the avian tectum

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Zio Staining for Degenerating Terminals of Rat Spinal Cords After Transection

Zio Staining for Degenerating Terminals of Rat Spinal Cords After Transection

Isolation and ultrastructure of human synaptic complexes

Myelin Proteins, Glycoproteins, and Myelin‐Related Enzymes in Experimental Demyelination of the Rabbit Optic Nerve: Sequence of Events

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