Further Light on Carbon Isotopes and Hopewell Agriculture

Bender, Margaret M; Baerreis, David A.; Steventon, Raymond L

doi:10.2307/280213

Cited by 147 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Esta análise também oferece a possibilidade de saber quando o cultivo ou uso intensivo de plantas C 4 teve início (Vogel & Van der Merwe, 1977, Van der Merwe & Vogel, 1978Bender et al, 1981). As populações da costa sul-brasileira possuíam uma dieta baseada em recursos marinhos, principalmente peixe, definindo grupos de pescadores-coletores com valores isotó-picos de carbono e nitrogênio semelhantes a pescadores-coletores do Meso-lítico da Din ama rca (Tauber, 198 1;Sch oeninger, DeNiro & Tauber, 1983;DeNiro, 1987 ), e a cult uras pré-hist óric as dos Muwu na Califórnia meridional (De-Niro, 1987), a costa noroeste da América Norte (Chisholm, Nelson & Schwarcz, 1983), a cos ta da Nov a Ing lat err a (Bo urq ue & Krueg er, 1994), bem como a costa da Geórgia (Larsen et al, 1992).…”

Section: Determinação Da Dieta E Movimento De Populaçãounclassified

Aplicações de isótopos estáveis de O, C e N em estudos de sazonalidade, mobilidade e dieta de populações pré-históricas no sul do Brasil

Masi

2009

SAB

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Section: Determinação Da Dieta E Movimento De Populaçãounclassified

Aplicações de isótopos estáveis de O, C e N em estudos de sazonalidade, mobilidade e dieta de populações pré-históricas no sul do Brasil

Masi

2009

SAB

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“…Mizutani and Wada (1988), Mizutani et al (1990Mizutani et al ( , 1992 and Hobson and Clark (1992b) also observed significant differences in ε 13 C for regurgitant and feathers from free ranging and captive birds. Variability was attributed to a variety of factors including the relationship between the timing of feather growth and seasonality in the composition of potential prey and/or the lipid content of prey items (Bender et al 1981;Sullivan and Krueger 1981;Hobson and Clark 1992a). DeNiro and Epstein (1981) were the first to demonstrate that animal tissues are enriched in 15 N compared with their diets.…”

Section: Stable Isotopes and Tissue-diet Enrichment Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging ecology of the endangered wood stork recorded in the stable isotope signature of feathers

et al. 2000

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Down feathers and regurgitant were collected from nestling wood storks (Mycteria americana) from two inland and two coastal breeding colonies in Georgia. The stable isotopic ratios of carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) in these materials were analyzed to gain insights into the natal origins of juvenile storks and the foraging activities of adults. Down feathers differed in δ 13 C between inland and coastal colonies, having average isotopic values that reflected the sources of carbon fixed in biomass at the base of the food web. Feathers from the inland colonies differed between colonies in δ 15 N, while those from the coastal colonies did not. These patterns primarily reflected the foraging activities of parent storks, with individuals capturing differing percentages of prey of distinct trophic status at each colony. Collectively, the carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of feather keratin were used to distinguish nestlings from each colony, except for instances where storks from different colonies foraged in common wetlands. The stable isotopic composition of food items in regurgitant was used to reconstruct the trophic structure of the ecosystems in which wood storks foraged. Predicted foraging activities based on the isotopic composition of keratin were generally consistent with the percentage of prey types (freshwater vs. saltwater and lower trophic level vs. upper trophic level consumer) observed in regurgitant, except for the coastal colony at St. Simons Island, where the δ 13 C of feathers strongly suggested that freshwater prey were a significant component of the diet. This inconsistency was resolved by aerial tracking of adults during foraging excursions using a fixed-wing aircraft. Observed foraging activities supported interpretations based on the stable isotope content of feathers, suggesting that the latter provided a better record of overall foraging activity than regurgitant analysis alone. Observed foraging patterns were compared to the predictions of a statistical model that determined habitat utilization based on habitat availability using a geographic information system (GIS) database. Observed foraging activities and those predicted from feathers both suggested that some adult storks preferred to feed their young freshwater prey, even when saltwater resources were more accessible in the local environment. This conclusion supports the contention that wood stork populations are sensitive to changes in the distribution of freshwater habitats along the southeastern coastal plain of the United States.

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“…Maize was present in small quantities before AD 600 in this region, but stable carbon isotope studies have revealed that it did not become a measurable part of the diet until after AD 800. Later, maize use rose sharply in Mississippian times (Bender et al, 1981;Buikstra, 1992;Buikstra et al, 1987;van der Merwe and Vogel, 1978). Because the timing of these events is relatively wellknown in this region, it is possible to examine more closely activity levels associated with native seed horticulture, early maize growing, and maize intensification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in long bone diaphyseal strength with horticultural intensification in west-central Illinois

Bridges

Blitz

Solano

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

100

115

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This study examines changes in long bone diaphyseal strength in west-central Illinois from the Middle Woodland through the Mississippian periods. Significant differences occur between the Middle Woodland and the Late Woodland periods, at the time when use of native seed crops intensifies. In females, both humeral and femoral strength increases, which may be related to their role in growing and processing these crops. In males, right arm strength declines, which may be tied in part to the replacement of the atlatl by the bow. Fewer significant changes occur between the earlier and later Late Woodland periods, at the time when maize is introduced as a dietary staple, possibly because maize is at first grown as only one of a series of other starchy seeds. Finally, in the Mississippian period, when maize use intensifies, female left arm strength declines. This may be because maize is easier to process than native seeds, or it may reflect innovations in processing technology in the Mississippian period. External dimensions and shape indices, in part, reflect the trends seen in biomechanical strength. Comparisons are made to similar studies in other regions.

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Further Light on Carbon Isotopes and Hopewell Agriculture

Cited by 147 publications

References 11 publications

Aplicações de isótopos estáveis de O, C e N em estudos de sazonalidade, mobilidade e dieta de populações pré-históricas no sul do Brasil

Aplicações de isótopos estáveis de O, C e N em estudos de sazonalidade, mobilidade e dieta de populações pré-históricas no sul do Brasil

Foraging ecology of the endangered wood stork recorded in the stable isotope signature of feathers

Changes in long bone diaphyseal strength with horticultural intensification in west-central Illinois

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