Further insights into the eco-epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Belem metropolitan region, Pará State, Brazil

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: In the Belém Metropolitan Region (BMR), Pará State, Brazil, American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is endemic; however, very little is known regarding its causative agents. Therefore, we used our standard diagnostic approach combined with an RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RNAPOIILS)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to identify Leishmania spp. ACL agents in this region. METHODS: Thirty-two Leishmania spp. isolates from patients with ACL in the BMR during 1995-2018 were analyzed. Leishmania spp. DNA samples were amplified using the primers RPOR2/RPOF2, and the 615-bp PCR products were subjected to enzymatic digestion using TspRI and HgaI endonucleases. RESULTS: ACL etiological agents in the BMR comprised Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi (43.7%) followed by Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni (34.4%), Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (12.5%), and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (9.4%). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, the results of the study revealed for the first time that L. (V.) lindenbergi and L. (V.) lainsoni are the main ACL agents in BMR.

Experimental Susceptibility of Nyssomyia antunesi and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) to Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni and L. (V.) lindenbergi (Trypanosomatidae: Leishmaniinae)

“…In the Brazilian Amazon, a particular tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) transmission scenario occurs mainly because of the etiology of L. (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) lainsoni and L. (V.) lindenbergi in the forest fragments of Belém city [16]. In these TL foci, with respect to L. (L.) amazonensis, Bichromomyia flaviscutellata has well-established vector evidence [17]; for L. (V.) lainsoni, species of Trichophoromyia, particularly Th.…”

Phenotypical and genotypical differences among Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis isolates that caused different clinical frames in humans and dogs: A systematic review

“…Around 95% of this, occurs in Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central Asia (WHO, 2021). The Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis species has been found as an etiological agent in 8-12% of cases of ACL in South America (Burza et al, 2018;Coelho et al, 2011;Gonçalves et al, 2020). The spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by L. (L.) amazonensis in humans and dogs is very large, ranging from cutaneous, cutaneous diffuse, mucocutaneous, and visceral involvement (Oliveira et al, 2007), however the exact mechanism that lead to different clinical frames has not yet been fully described .…”

Mitochondrial dysfunction on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis induced by ketoconazole: insights into drug mode of action

“… 1 The Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis species has clinical and epidemiological importance as etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Latin America, especially in Brazil and Colombia. 2 , 3 , 4 L. (L.) amazonensis exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical diseases, ranging from cutaneous, cutaneous diffuse, mucocutaneous and visceral. 5 , 6 It is the main etiological agent of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis and, more recently, visceral leishmaniasis in both humans and domestic animals.…”