Further insight into analyte transport processes and water vapor, aerosol loading in ICP-OES and ICP-MS

Integration of capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization as a nebulization device for ICP-MS

“…As previously observed with pneumatic nebulization, in our nebulization device, higher transport efficiencies and sensitivities are obtained at lower liquid flow rates. 41 This is likely due to the smaller size of droplets in the aerosol. Smaller droplets are transported more efficiently by gas flows and are more completely vaporized in the plasma.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

“…Simple concepts that control the amount of analyte, solvent aerosol and solvent vapor that enter the plasma were used to explain changes in analyte transport efficiency as a function of sample uptake rate in pneumatic/spray chamber sample introduction systems. 21 These concepts included droplet–droplet collision/coalescence, evaporation of solvent from the sample aerosol and droplet impact on the walls of the spray chamber. It was demonstrated that even small (2 to 5 μm diameter) droplets had a poor (<12%) transport efficiency through the spray chamber when the sample uptake rate was 1 mL min −1 .…”

High-Efficiency Miniaturized Ultrasonic Nebulization Sample Introduction System for Elemental Analysis of Microvolume Biological Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

“…Ultrasonic nebulization has been proposed as an attractive alternate of PN for high-efficiency aqueous sample introduction. 32 One early study first coupled a micro-ultrasonic nebulization device with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to meet the microflow elution requirements of liquid chromatography online analysis, which even achieved low flow rates of 5−10 μL min −1 . However, it was operated with a power of 45−50 W, and its coupling with ICP-QMS for sample analysis has not been reported.…”

“…MG is mainly limited in the field of mechanism research and single-particle analysis because of its relatively complicated sample replacement . Although DIN can provide high-efficiency sampling, there are still some limitations, such as the dependence of nebulization on the interaction of argon with solution, − the salt-deposit issue encountered in the introduction of high-salt matrix samples, and the requirement for customization of the ICP torch matching the DIN nebulizer . Therefore, a high-efficiency robust sample introduction unit with fast residue cleaning is still highly desirable for clinical microvolume sample analysis by ICP-QMS.…”