Further improvement in a criterion for human stability in floodwaters

Chen, Qian; Xia, Junqiang; Falconer, Roger Alexander; Guo, Pei

doi:10.1111/jfr3.12486

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This study focuses solely on the safety criterion of people in floodwaters. Many studies have been performed to investigate the hydrodynamic instability of people subject to urban flooding via different methods, including mechanics-based analysis (e.g., [ 6 , 8 , 9 ]), numerical simulation techniques (e.g., [ 10 ]), laboratory flume experiments (e.g., [ 11 , 12 ]), and in situ observations (e.g., [ 13 ]). Flow velocity and water depth are commonly introduced as two important parameters involved in the safety criterion for flood risk assessments in previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Entropic Approach to Estimating the Instability Criterion of People in Floodwaters

Zhu

Zhang

Gou

et al. 2021

Entropy

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People are always susceptible to a loss of stability in urban floodwaters that leads to serious casualties. Thus, the safety criterion for the instability of people in floodwaters must be determined. In this study, the hydrodynamic criterion of the instability of people in floodwaters in terms of the incipient velocity and water depth is derived using the probability method based on Shannon entropy theory. The derived model can characterize variations in the incipient velocity of people in floodwaters with respect to the inundating water depth. Furthermore, a comparison with seven experimental datasets available in the literature shows the validity of the proposed entropy-based model considering data scattering. A sensitivity analysis of the derived model to some of the incorporated parameters was performed, and the qualitative results are in accordance with our understanding of the physical mechanism of the instability of people in floodwaters. Taking the physical parameters (height and mass) of Chinese adults and children as a representative example, this study also showed the vulnerability degree of Chinese adults and children subject to floodwaters. These findings could provide a reference for administrators and stakeholders for flood hazard mitigation and flood strategy management. This study shows that an entropy-based method could be a valuable addition to existing deterministic models for characterizing the instability criterion of people in an urban flooding event.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibrated incipient velocity formulae were consistent with existing experimental datasets of real-life instability among people. Accounting for the postural adjustment of a human body in floodwater, Chen et al [ 9 ] derived new incipient velocity formulae for human instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Entropic Approach to Estimating the Instability Criterion of People in Floodwaters

Zhu

Zhang

Gou

et al. 2021

Entropy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the authors discussed the hydrodynamic forces obtained from a 3D numerical model and experimental studies. Chen, Xia, Falconer, and Guo (2019), improved the work of Xia, et al (2014b), by adjusting the toppling equation to take account of the key parameters, relative to the body characteristics of typical U.S. and European citizens. Zhang, Zhou, Liu, Chen, and Wang (2016) presented an evacuation model based on the results from flood simulation studies, using the DHI MIKE model, and highlighting impassable flooded road using ArcGIS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the danger to life in flash flood events adopting a mechanics based methodology and planning evacuation routes

Musolino

Ahmadian

Xia

et al. 2020

J Flood Risk Management

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Extreme flood events are becoming more frequent and challenging due to climate change. Key objectives of this study are to evaluate different criteria used in assessing the hazard to people during flood events and, once determined, the most suitable method is then used to assess the hazard and the safest route(s) for evacuation during a flood event and for a particular case study. The results of the application of two criteria are analysed in terms of the flood hazard assessment with the two criteria being based on a widely used empirical approach and a mechanics based approach. Both criteria are used to assess the flood hazard to people during an extreme flash flood, which occurred on 16th August 2004 in Boscastle (UK). Results obtained for this study have highlighted that the mechanics based criteria are preferable in identifying the ideal escape routes, when considering the flood characteristics and the corresponding response of a human body. The main novelty of this study lies in linking the flood hazard rating with the human body characteristics, when determining the safest route and with a revised formula being developed, which includes the effects of ground slope in the application to a real case study.

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“…Therefore, it is essential to evaluate flood risks in Metro systems to plan for flood disasters and set mitigation strategies efficiently. Figure 2 illustrates how Metro flooding events affect both Metro systems' infrastructure and users, exposing them to collateral effects such as hard falls due to the loss of stability of passengers crossing through water flow [12,13], material damage, and reduction of service provision due to damage caused to both the users and the companies that administer the systems. These events have gradually increased in recent years due to cities' growth and climate change [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Risk Assessment in an Underground Railway System under the Impact of Climate Change—A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro

et al. 2020

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Flooding events can produce significant disturbances in underground transport systems within urban areas and lead to economic and technical consequences, which can be worsened by variations in the occurrence of climate extremes. Within the framework of the European project RESCCUE (RESilience to cope with Climate Change in Urban arEas—a multi-sectorial approach focusing on water), climate projections for the city of Barcelona manifest meaningful increases in maximum rainfall intensities for the 2100 horizon. A better comprehension of these impacts and their conditions is consequently needed. A hydrodynamic modelling process was carried out on Barcelona Metro Line 3, as it was identified as vulnerable to pluvial flooding events. The Metro line and all its components are simulated in the urban drainage models as a system of computational link and nodes reproducing the main physical characteristics like slopes and cross-sections when embedded in the current 1D/2D hydrodynamic model of Barcelona used in the project RESCCUE. This study presents a risk analysis focused on ensuring transport service continuity in flood events. The results reveal that two of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in current rainfall conditions, and 11 of the 26 stations on Metro Line 3 are exposed to a high risk of flooding in future rainfall conditions for a 20-year return period event, which affects Metro service in terms of increased risk. This research gives insights for stakeholders and policymakers to enhance urban flood risk management, as a reasonable approach to tackle this issue for Metro systems worldwide. This study provides a baseline for assessing potential flood outcomes in Metro systems and can be used to evaluate adaptation measures’ effectiveness.

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Further improvement in a criterion for human stability in floodwaters

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

An Entropic Approach to Estimating the Instability Criterion of People in Floodwaters

An Entropic Approach to Estimating the Instability Criterion of People in Floodwaters

Mapping the danger to life in flash flood events adopting a mechanics based methodology and planning evacuation routes

Flood Risk Assessment in an Underground Railway System under the Impact of Climate Change—A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro

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