Further evaluation of a nonsequential approach to studying operant renewal

Craig, Andrew R.; Sullivan, William E.; Roane, Henry S.

doi:10.1002/jeab.546

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Craig, Sullivan, Browning, DeRosa, and Roane show that rats intermittently exposed to reinforcement for a target behavior in the previous training context (i.e., Context A) during extinction of that response in a different context (i.e., Context B) show less renewal when tested in a different context (i.e., Context C) than rats not experiencing such intermittent exposure to Context A reinforcement. This result stands in contrast to previous work by these authors (Craig, Sullivan, & Roane, ) showing that such intermittent exposure to reinforcement to Context A instead increases ABA renewal in a similar procedure. The authors suggest that alternating between contexts associated with reinforcement and extinction during treatment may offer a clinical strategy for reducing renewal of problem behavior in novel contexts.…”

Section: Renewalcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Relapse: An introduction

Shahan

2020

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Quitting smoking is easy…I've done it many times. This is an old joke, often attributed to Mark Twain, although there seems to be no evidence that he actually ever said it. Nevertheless, like other effective behavior, the joke worked in the past, and there is a good chance it will work well into the future. The reason the joke works is that even nonscientists can relate to what it conveys about the difficulty of maintaining longterm behavior change-previously eliminated behavior tends to return. Scientifically, it has become quite clear that behavior suppressed by a variety of means (e.g., extinction, punishment, omission contingencies, alternative reinforcement, various combinations of these) tends to recur following a wide range of changes in circumstances. Such recurrence goes by different names depending on the specific changes in circumstance that provoke it (e.g., resurgence, renewal, reinstatement, spontaneous recovery), all of which comprise an area of research that is often referred to more generically by the moniker "relapse."Numerous histories/reviews of the remarkably long study of different relapse-like phenomena across different eras and various research domains can be found elsewhere (e.g.

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Section: Renewalcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Relapse: An introduction

Shahan

2020

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Rats were approximately 12 months old at the beginning of the experiment and had no previous experience with resurgence preparations. They did, however, have a previous history with reinforcement and extinction across various contextual manipulations (see Craig, Sullivan, Browning et al, ; Craig, Sullivan, & Roane, ). Rats were pair‐housed in a temperature‐ and humidity‐controlled colony room with a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before beginning Phase 2, rats were assigned to either the DRA with extinction plus NCR group ( n = 5) or to the DRA without extinction group ( n = 5). Given that past research has suggested baseline response rates predict the magnitude of relapse (e.g., Craig, Sullivan, & Roane, ; Podlesnik et al, ; Sweeney & Shahan, ), rats were matched such that the mean rates of target‐lever pressing during the final three sessions of Phase 1 did not differ between groups. Sessions of Phase 2 began similarly to Phase 1 in that both levers were inserted into the chamber with the stimulus light positioned above the target lever illuminated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence following differential reinforcement of alternative behavior implemented with and without extinction

Brown

Greer

Craig

et al. 2020

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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In the clinic, differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) often involves programming extinction for destructive behavior while reinforcing an alternative form of communication (e.g., a functional communication response); however, implementing extinction can be unsafe or impractical under some circumstances. Quantitative theories of resurgence (i.e., Behavioral Momentum Theory and Resurgence as Choice) predict differences in the efficacy of treatments that do and do not involve extinction of target responding when reinforcement conditions maintaining alternative responding worsen. We tested these predictions by examining resurgence following two DRA conditions in which we equated rates of reinforcement. In DRA without extinction, target and alternative behavior produced reinforcement. In DRA with extinction plus noncontingent reinforcement, only alternative behavior produced reinforcement. We conducted this study in a reverse‐translation sequence, first with participants who engaged in destructive behavior (Experiment 1) and then in a laboratory setting with rats (Experiment 2). Across both experiments, we observed proportionally lower levels of target responding during and following the DRA condition that arranged extinction for the target response. However, levels of resurgence were similar following both arrangements.

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“…To the extent that these (and other) differences were observed across studies (see Falligant et al., 2021), it is unclear if these inconsistent findings are related to differences in the clinical contexts in which treatments were developed and implemented (i.e., outpatient vs. inpatient settings) and reflect additional variation between settings that warrant investigation (e.g., different functional classes of behavior, nonsequential renewal effects, etc. ; Craig et al., 2019; Sullivan et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 1 Also note that, in the context of outpatient‐based treatment of severe problem behavior, these renewal phenomenon may be further defined specifically as nonsequential renewal effects (see Craig et al., 2019). …”

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confidence: 99%

Renewal and resurgence of severe problem behavior in an intensive outpatient setting: Prevalence, magnitude, and implications for practice

Falligant

Chin

Kurtz

2022

Behavioral Interventions

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Following successful behavioral treatment in which problem behavior is reduced, problem behavior sometimes reemerges as a function of changes in stimulus conditions (i.e., renewal) or the worsening of reinforcement conditions for an appropriate alternative response (i.e., resurgence). Extant research suggests that both renewal and resurgence may be relatively prevalent phenomenon in a variety of clinical settings. The purpose of the present study was to replicate and extend extant research quantifying the prevalence and magnitude of renewal (Experiment 1) and resurgence (Experiment 2) in an intensive outpatient clinic via retrospective consecutive controlled case series (CCCS; Hagopian, 2020). Findings from the current study—which represents the largest sample to date investigating relapse in applied settings—suggest that both renewal and resurgence are relatively common phenomenon and occur in the majority of treatment applications. Based on our findings (and emerging research in this area), we provide recommendations for practitioners to mitigate the occurrence of renewal and resurgence in clinical contexts.

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Further evaluation of a nonsequential approach to studying operant renewal

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Relapse: An introduction

Relapse: An introduction

Resurgence following differential reinforcement of alternative behavior implemented with and without extinction

Renewal and resurgence of severe problem behavior in an intensive outpatient setting: Prevalence, magnitude, and implications for practice

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