Further Evaluation in the Feeding Potential of the Predaceous Insects and Spiders in Association with Aphids Harmful to Apple and Pear Growing, and the Effect of Pesticides on Predators

Hukusima, S.; Kondo, Kazunobu

doi:10.1303/jjaez.6.274

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Their detailed analysis shows that both cross the origin. Notice that in this context the origin in R 2 gives rise for the whole model to the equilibria we named E (1) , E (2) and E (3) , which we already analyzed earlier. We concentrate then on the ellipses' possible further intersections.…”

Section: Coexistencementioning

confidence: 90%

“…The first one is given by the origin E (1) , which is feasible but always unstable, as the eigenvalues of the Jacobian at this point are a, b, −c, −e. The second equilibrium point is E (2) ≡ w (2) , v (2) , s (2) w , s (2) v = (W, 0, 0, 0). It is easily seen that the second equation forv has eigenvalue a, and this is sufficient to conclude that E (2) is always unstable.…”

Section: Ecosystem's Equilibriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in [10,2] it is found that phytophagous pests had economically important demographical outbreaks after treatments with pesticides. According to the authors, these outbreaks of pest populations after chemical treatment were induced as a result of reduction of predators, particularly spiders.…”

Section: Ecological Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the spiders ballooning effect on the vineyard ecology

Venturino

Isaia

Bona

et al. 2006

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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Abstract. We consider an ecosystem in which spiders may be transported by the wind from vineyards into the surrounding woods and vice versa. The model takes into account this tranport phenomenon without building space explicitly into the governing equations. The equilibria of the dynamical system are analyzed together with their stability, showing that bifurcations may occur. Then the effects of indiscriminated spraying to keep pests under control is also investigated via suitable simulations.

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Section: Coexistencementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Ecosystem's Equilibriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the spiders ballooning effect on the vineyard ecology

Venturino

Isaia

Bona

et al. 2006

Math. Model. Nat. Phenom.

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“…In the worst case, a spider could be exposed to droplets from spray, to residues on surfaces and to contaminated prey all at the same time. Several routes of uptake have been investigated: via spraying,55–57 via topical application of a droplet on the abdomen or cephalothorax,52, 58, 59 via dipping into a solution,37, 60 via feeding with treated prey61, 62 and via contact with residues 35, 63, 64. The question remains as to which of these routes of uptake is most detrimental.…”

Section: Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiders (Araneae) in the pesticide world: an ecotoxicological review

Pekár

2012

Pest Management Science

134

101

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Being one of the most abundant and species-rich groups of natural enemies occurring in all agroecosystems, spiders are variably affected by pesticide applications. Here, a review is given of research on spider ecotoxicology. More than 40 species of spiders and almost 130 pesticides (acaricides, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides) have been tested so far in the field or under laboratory conditions. Field studies show that the degree of population reduction following pesticide application is a function of a number of factors inherent to pesticides, crops and spider species (guilds). These studies also revealed indirect effects via habitat and prey disruption. Among laboratory studies, a number of papers have investigated only the direct lethal effect. A meta-analysis of these data reveals that spiders are mainly affected by acaricides and insecticides, particularly neurotoxic substances. Currently, ecotoxicological research on spiders is focused more on direct sublethal effects on a variety of behavioural traits (locomotion, predation, web-building, reproduction, development) and physiology. Yet a standardised approach to the evaluation of sublethal effects is lacking. A few studies have provided some evidence for hormesis in spiders. Future research should be more concentrated on sublethal effects and the estimation of long-term changes in spider populations as a result of pesticide treatment.

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“…Surveys of spider populations in apple orchards were carried out by Chant (1956) in England, Dondale (1956Dondale ( , 1958 in Nova Scotia, Specht and Dondale (1960) in New Jersey, Hukusima and Kondo (1962) in Japan, Legner and Otman (1964) in Wisconsin, Dondale (1966) and MacLellan (1973) in Australia, Hagley (1974) in Ontario, Dondale and others (1979) in Quebec, Mansour andothers (1980) in Israel, andMcCaffrey andHorsburgh (1980) in central Virginia. Putnam (1967) reported on the spiders in peach orchards in Ontario, Muma (1975) on the spiders in citrus in Florida, and Carroll (1980) on the spiders in citrus in southern California.…”

Section: Composition Of Spider Fauna In Crop Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spider management in agroecosystems: Habitat manipulation

Mansour

Richman

Whitcomb

1983

Environmental Management

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/ Based on the literature and on work conducted in Israel, the management of spider populations through habitat manipulation was found to be very helpful in controlling pest insects in various crops. Spiders were found to be reduced or eliminated by nonselective insecticides, although some resistance has been notedIn some ecological situations, spiders can contribute tO prey reduction and regulation. In each ecosystem the impact of spiders follows two pathways. These are the predatory pressure of the whole group of spiders on the entomocoenosis, and the pressure of particular spider species on some species of phytophagous insects (Luczak 1979). The results obtained by American, Japanese, and Polish arachnologists in crop fields, and by Canadian and Israeli arachnologists in orchards, provide evidence that spiders can be used as the natural enemies of pests in several key crops. It is known that, under crop conditions, spiders are important enemies of aphids, mites, and lepidoptera larvae and eggs.

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Further Evaluation in the Feeding Potential of the Predaceous Insects and Spiders in Association with Aphids Harmful to Apple and Pear Growing, and the Effect of Pesticides on Predators

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Modelling the spiders ballooning effect on the vineyard ecology

Modelling the spiders ballooning effect on the vineyard ecology

Spiders (Araneae) in the pesticide world: an ecotoxicological review

Spider management in agroecosystems: Habitat manipulation

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