Further Data on Sesamoid Identity from Two Anuran Species

Vera, Miriam Corina; Ponssa, María Laura; Abdala, Virginia

doi:10.1002/ar.23158

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Sesamoid bones constitute a special group of bones that are integral to the skeletons of many vertebrate species (Abdala et al, 2017;Bizarro, 1921;Corina Vera et al, 2015;Jerez et al, 2009;Maisano, 2002;Ponssa et al, 2010;Sarin et al, 1999). Estimated to have evolved 200 million years ago (Carter, 1998), sesamoid bones are usually small and flat with morphological resemblance to the sesame seed, hence their name (Vickaryous and Olson, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common cellular origin and diverging developmental programs for different sesamoid bones

et al. 2019

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Sesamoid bones are small auxiliary bones that form near joints and contribute to their stability and function. Thus far, providing a comprehensive developmental model or classification system for this highly diverse group of bones has been challenging. Here, we compare our previously reported mechanisms of patella development in the mouse with those of two anatomically different sesamoids, namely lateral fabella and digit sesamoids. We show that all three types of sesamoid bones originate from Sox9 + /Scx + progenitors under the regulation of TGFβ and independently of mechanical stimuli from muscles. Whereas BMP2 regulates the growth of all examined sesamoids, the differentiation of lateral fabella or digit sesamoids is regulated redundantly by BMP4 and BMP2. Next, we show that whereas patella and digit sesamoids initially form in juxtaposition to long bones, lateral fabella forms independently and at a distance. Finally, our evidence suggests that, unlike the synovial joint that separates patella from femur, digit sesamoids detach from the phalanx by formation of a fibrocartilaginous joint. These findings highlight both common and divergent molecular and mechanical features of sesamoid bone development, which underscores their evolutionary plasticity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common cellular origin and diverging developmental programs for different sesamoid bones

et al. 2019

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“…40–41) [ 43 ], outline analysis (and, more specifically, Fourier descriptors) provide complex and detailed information regarding the shape. Additionally, this method has been frequently used for discriminating biological forms quantifying morphological differences [ 46 , 51 , 57 , 58 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], as the use of ellipses means that the shape description in EFA is global and therefore helpful for describing bones with curved edges [ 70 , 76 ]. This indicates that it is perfectly suited for characterizing the morphology of the pars basilaris .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-at-Death Estimation of Fetuses and Infants in Forensic Anthropology: A New “Coupling” Method to Detect Biases Due to Altered Growth Trajectories

Niel

Chaumoître

Adalian

2022

Biology

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The coupling between maturation and growth in the age estimation of young individuals with altered growth processes was analyzed in this study, whereby the age was determined using a geometric morphometrics method. A medical sample comprising 223 fetuses and infants was used to establish the method. The pars basilaris shapes, quantified by elliptic Fourier analysis, were grouped into consensus stages to characterize the maturation process along increasing age groups. Each pars basilaris maturation stage was “coupled” to biometry by defining an associated femur length range. The method was tested on a validation sample of 42 normal individuals and a pathological sample of 114 individuals whose pathologies were medically assessed. Couplings were present in 90.48% of the normal sample and 77.19% of the pathological sample. The method was able to detect “uncoupling” (i.e., possibly altered growth) in more than 22.8% of samples, even if there was no visible traces of pathology on bones in most cases. In conclusion, experts should be warned that living conditions may cause alterations in the development of young individuals in terms of uncoupling, and that the age-at-death estimation based on long bone biometry could be biased. In a forensic context, when age has been estimated in cases where uncoupling is present, experts should be careful to take potential inaccuracies into account when forming their conclusions.

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“…In the absence of the AER, the small plethodontid Bolitoglossa occidentalis lacks phalangeal elements, which is interpreted as a paedomorphic character (Alberch & Alberch, 1981). Sesamoids develop later than the other skeletal elements of anuran limbs (Ponssa, Goldberg & Abdala, 2010;Vera & Ponssa, 2014;Vera, Ponssa & Abdala, 2015); thus, their absence in the salamander clade (both in large and small species), can be speculated to be a paedomorphic pattern, as a consequence of a truncated development. Whether this pattern is produced by the absence of the AER or any other changes in developmental mechanisms remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sesamoids in Caudata and Gymnophiona (Lissamphibia): absences and evidence

Ponssa

Abdala

2020

PeerJ

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An integrative definition of sesamoid bones has been recently proposed, highlighting their relationship with tendons and ligaments, their genetic origin, the influence of epigenetic stimuli on their development, and their variable tissue composition. Sesamoid bones occur mainly associated with a large number of mobile joints in vertebrates, most commonly in the postcranium. Here, we present a survey of the distribution pattern of sesamoids in 256 taxa of Caudata and Gymnophiona and 24 taxa of temnospondyls and lepospondyls, based on dissections, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography from digital databases and literature data. These groups have a pivotal role in the interpretation of the evolution of sesamoids in Lissamphibia and tetrapods in general. Our main goals were: (1) to contribute to the knowledge of the comparative anatomy of sesamoids in Lissamphibia; (2) to assess the evolutionary history of selected sesamoids. We formally studied the evolution of the observed sesamoids by optimizing them in the most accepted phylogeny of the group. We identified only three bony or cartilaginous sesamoids in Caudata: the mandibular sesamoid, which is adjacent to the jaw articulation; one located on the mandibular symphysis; and one located in the posterior end of the maxilla. We did not observe any cartilaginous or osseous sesamoid in Gymnophiona. Mapping analyses of the sesamoid dataset of urodeles onto the phylogeny revealed that the very conspicuous sesamoid in the mandibular symphysis of Necturus beyeri and Amphiuma tridactylum is an independent acquisition of these taxa. On the contrary, the sesamoid located between the maxilla and the lower jaw is a new synapomorphy that supports the node of Hydromantes platycephalus and Karsenia coreana. The absence of a mandibular sesamoid is plesiomorphic to Caudata, whereas it is convergent in seven different families. The absence of postcranial sesamoids in salamanders might reveal a paedomorphic pattern that would be visible in their limb joints.

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Further Data on Sesamoid Identity from Two Anuran Species

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Common cellular origin and diverging developmental programs for different sesamoid bones

Common cellular origin and diverging developmental programs for different sesamoid bones

Age-at-Death Estimation of Fetuses and Infants in Forensic Anthropology: A New “Coupling” Method to Detect Biases Due to Altered Growth Trajectories

Sesamoids in Caudata and Gymnophiona (Lissamphibia): absences and evidence

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