Further Correlations of Kaolinite Crystallinity with Chemical and Physical Properties

Murray, Haydn H.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1959.0080104

Cited by 22 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Numerous scholars have reported that crystal defects can increase the CEC of a mineral. For example, Murray and Lyons [32] stated that the differences in the CEC of various clay minerals have been attributed to differences in the degree of crystallinity. Ormsby et al [33] explored the exchange behavior of kaolines with various degrees of crystallinity and mentioned that the CEC was well correlated with the surface areas that were affected by changing from well crystallized to poorly crystallized kaolines.…”

Section: Cation Exchange Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Zn-Saponite Using a Microwave Circulating Reflux Method under Atmospheric Pressure

Hung

Fang³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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Smectite is a common clay mineral in nature. Due to its tendency to swell and its strong cation exchange capacity (CEC), smectite is prevalently used in industrial and technological applications. Numerous scholars have explored smectite synthesis, which usually involves autoclaving under high pressure. However, this approach requires an array of expensive equipment, and the process consumes time and energy. This study adopted self-developed equipment to synthesize zinc saponite (Zn-saponite), a type of trioctahedral smectite, using a microwave circulating reflux method under atmospheric pressure. Compared with the conventional hydrothermal methods, the proposed method entails fewer constraints regarding the synthesis environment and can be more easily applied to large-scale synthesis. The phase purity of the synthetic product was examined using X-ray diffraction and the CEC of the product was tested. The results revealed that the microwave circulating reflux method could synthesize Zn-saponite in 16 h under atmospheric pressure, and the CEC of the product reached 120 cmol(+)/kg. In addition, the product exhibited larger basal spacing and a 32% increase in CEC compared with Zn-saponite synthesized using a hot-plate under atmospheric pressure.

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Section: Cation Exchange Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Zn-Saponite Using a Microwave Circulating Reflux Method under Atmospheric Pressure

Hung

Fang³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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“…According to Murray and Lyons (1959), the rate of this transformation depends on the crystallinity of the primary kaolinite. Frost et al (2002) Drits et al (2016), and Percival et al (1974) summarized the diagnostic spectral absorption bands of the kaolinite-metakaolinite transition (Figure 1).…”

Section: Kaolinite-metakaolinite Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an on-line characterization of kaolin calcination process using short-wave infrared spectroscopy

Guatame-Garcia

Buxton

Deon

et al. 2018

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

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In the production of calcined kaolin, the on-line monitoring of the calcination reaction is becoming more relevant for the generation of optimal products. In this context, this study aimed to assess the suitability of using infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a potential technique for the on-line characterization of the calcination of kaolin. The transformation of kaolin samples calcined at different temperatures were characterized in the short-wave (SWIR) spectra using the kaolinite crystallinity (Kx) index and the depth of the water spectral feature (1900D). A high correlation between the standard operational procedure for the quality control of calcined kaolin and the Kx index was observed (r = -0.89), as well as with the 1900D parameter (r = -0.96). This study offers a new conceptual approach to the use of SWIR spectroscopy for the characterization the calcination of kaolin, withdrawing the need of using extensive laboratory techniques.

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Correction to: Date palm waste-derived biochar composites with silica and zeolite: synthesis, characterization and implication for carbon stability and recalcitrant potential

Ahmad

Usman

et al. 2017

Environ Geochem Health

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Further Correlations of Kaolinite Crystallinity with Chemical and Physical Properties

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis of Zn-Saponite Using a Microwave Circulating Reflux Method under Atmospheric Pressure

Synthesis of Zn-Saponite Using a Microwave Circulating Reflux Method under Atmospheric Pressure

Toward an on-line characterization of kaolin calcination process using short-wave infrared spectroscopy

Correction to: Date palm waste-derived biochar composites with silica and zeolite: synthesis, characterization and implication for carbon stability and recalcitrant potential

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