Further characterization of nociception-related and arterial pressure-related neuronal responses in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the rat

Kuo, Terry B.J.; Yang, Cheryl C.H.; Chan, Julie Y.H.; Tsai, Hsing Fei; Chan, Samuel H.H.

doi:10.1007/bf02257964

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Los receptores opiáceos y sus agonistas correspondientes son de suma importancia en la inhibición y la modulación del dolor, aunque no esenciales (11). Supraespinalmente, un número de regiones es sensible a la microinyección de morfina, incluyendo la sustancia gris periacueductal, el núcleo magno del rafe, el locus ceruleus y el núcleo reticular gigantocelular (12)(13)(14)(15). A nivel espinal, agonistas opioides como la morfina actúan a través de receptores µ (MOR) localizados en el asta dorsal (16).…”

Section: Mecanismos De Acción Periféricos De Los Opioidesunclassified

Eficacia de los opioides tópicos como analgésicos en enfermedades dolorosas cutáneas: revisión de la literatura científica y propuesta metodológica para su evaluación clínica

Valdy¹

2015

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor

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Introduction: Even though it is a common practice in some centers, there is still little evidence that justifies the use of topical opioid-based analgesics in skin and mucosal diseases. Objectives: To review the available scientific literature that justifies the use of topical opioids in the treatment of painful skin and mucosal diseases. Evaluate the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of topical opioids in the treatment of oral diseases and painful skin diseases. Methods: An electronic search was performed using the following databases and search engines: EMBASE, Medline, SCIELO, LATINDEX, Current Controlled-Trials and academic Google to identify the literature on topical opioids in the treatment of painful skin and oral mucosa diseases. The selection method was based on the combination of different descriptors concerning topical opioids and pain using MeSH vocabulary. The search terms used were "opioid" ''topic'', "analgesic", "ulcer", "mucositis," "peripheral" and combinations of these words. Additional articles were retrieved from the reference lists of papers identified. The final search took place in July 2013. The inclusion criteria for the review were: Human studies, published in Spanish, French, English or German, containing main data on the efficacy of topical opioids as analgesics. We excluded from analysis studies that evaluated the effectiveness of opioids administered by invasive methods (such intrapleural, intravesical, or intraarticular) or ophthalmic administration. Results and conclusions: 28 publications were included from the search, 11 corresponded to prospective, randomized, controlled trials. The duration of randomized studies was short, with a following period of one week or less. There isn't however enough information to compare studies because of the heterogeneity of populations and treatments. The studies that controlled systemic levels of opioids comment conflicting results regarding the absorption of topical opioids through ulcerated skin, possibly associated with variables such as drug preparation, dosage, application extension and duration of treatment. Regarding adverse effects, these are minimal in appearance and limited to local reactions, and those studies that report these do not determine a definitive causal relationship.

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Section: Mecanismos De Acción Periféricos De Los Opioidesunclassified

Eficacia de los opioides tópicos como analgésicos en enfermedades dolorosas cutáneas: revisión de la literatura científica y propuesta metodológica para su evaluación clínica

Valdy¹

2015

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor

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Effects of Microinjected Carbachol on the Antinociceptive Response to Noxious Heat Stimuli.

Abe

Kikuta

Kato

et al. 2003

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which includes the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC)/nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis alpha (NRGCa) and the lateral reticular nucleus, plays a major role in maintaining tonic vasomotor tone and is critical in the reflex control of blood pressure. 1,2) In addition, the RVLM modulates one of the physiological functions of antinociception via cholinergic neurons. 3,4) Immunohistochemical studies have shown that the RVLM is extensively innervated with cholinergic neurons 5) that mainly project from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT), 6) then efferently extend to the spinal cord. In fact, small-medium cholinergic neurons and choline acetyltransferase mRNA have been identified in small cells of the NRGC/nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (NRPG). 7) These observations suggest that cholinergic neurons play an important role in the RVLM, including NRGC/NRGCa.Anticholinesterase and cholinergic mimetics exert analgesic effects in humans, 8,9) monkeys, 10) rats and mice. 11)Moreover, the administration of carbachol into the nucleus raphe magnus induces pronounced antinociception that is reversed by atropine and muscarinic antagonists. 12) Injections of muscarinic agonists into the spinal cord also have antinociceptive effects on responses to noxious heat stimuli via muscarinic receptors. 11,13) We reported that either systemically-administered or RVLM-injected morphine enhances ACh release in the RVLM, and that the local application of morphine via a microdialysis probe induces an increase in both tail withdrawal and hot-plate responses.14) Thus, the cholinergic system in the central nervous system may be considered to have a key role in endogenous pain control.Thus, the present study investigates whether a direct injection of the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, into the NRGC/NRGCa evokes antinociception, and examines the participation of antinociceptive events in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals Male Wistar rats, weighing 250 to 350 g at the time of the experiments, were purchased from Charles River Japan, Inc. All animals were housed individually under automatically controlled environmental conditions and 12 h light-dark cycles, and were handled in accordance with the guidelines for animal care and use published by the National Institute of Health. The rats had free access to food and water. All animals were quarantined in centralized animal facilities for at least seven days after arrival from the supplier.Preparation for Microinjection After an acclimation period, the animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. A midline incision was made on the scalp, and a burr hole was drilled for a 27-gauge stainless-steel cannula (guide cannula) that was firmly placed using dental acrylic and anchored to the skull using stainless-steel screws. Drugs were injected through a 30-gauge stainless-steel cannula, the tip of which extended 4 mm beyond the tip of the guide cannula into the NRGC/NRGCa a...

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Further characterization of nociception-related and arterial pressure-related neuronal responses in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the rat

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Eficacia de los opioides tópicos como analgésicos en enfermedades dolorosas cutáneas: revisión de la literatura científica y propuesta metodológica para su evaluación clínica

Eficacia de los opioides tópicos como analgésicos en enfermedades dolorosas cutáneas: revisión de la literatura científica y propuesta metodológica para su evaluación clínica

Effects of Microinjected Carbachol on the Antinociceptive Response to Noxious Heat Stimuli.

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