Furry is required for cell movements during gastrulation and functionally interacts with NDR1

Abstract

Gastrulation is a key event in animal embryogenesis during which the germ layers precursors are rearranged and the embryonic axes are established. Cell polarization is essential during gastrulation driving asymmetric cell division, cell movements and cell shape changes. Furry (Fry) gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with a wide variety of cellular functions mostly related to cell polarization and morphogenesis in invertebrates. However, little is known about its function in vertebrate development. Here we show that in Xenopus, Fry participates in the regulation of morphogenetic processes during gastrulation. Using morpholino knock-down, we demonstrate a role of Fry in blastopore closure and dorsal axis elongation. Loss of Fry function drastically affects the movement and morphological polarization of cells during gastrulation, in addition to dorsal mesoderm convergent extension, responsible for head-to-tail elongation. Finally, we demonstrate a functional interaction between Fry and NDR1 kinase, providing evidence of an evolutionarily conserved complex required for morphogenesis.

Automatic inference of cell neighborhood in 2D and 3D using nuclear markers

“…Although similar strategies have been used before [15,30,31], previous works were not focused on neighboring relationships detection and, therefore, didn't analyze the performance of the methods directly. In addition, Delaunay edges were only filtered by distance, omitting potential interferences in cell-cell interactions that come from the presence of other cells in the neighborhood [31].…”

“…A variety of nuclear labels exist both for fixed and live-cell imaging, being DAPI and H2B-FP among the most common. Due to its brightness, nuclear labels are also used to perform autofocus routines and track cell movements over time [15][16][17][18].…”