Furan monomers and polymers from renewable plant biomass

Abstract

Plant biomass is considered the main source of renewable carbon raw materials, which is a viable alternative to crude oil and natural gas and provides compounds with a low carbon footprint. The most promising direction for the conversion of biomass is the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, which is regarded as a platform chemical, the basis for the synthesis of valuable compounds, including monomers and polymers. The move of the polymer industry to renewable plant materials will contribute to solving global environmental problems and ensure the sustainability and environmental safety of plastics production. This review analyzes recent advances in the preparation of key C6-furan platform chemicals, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2,5-diformylfuran, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, levulinic acid, and their use for the production of monomers and polymers based on renewable plant biomass. Production processes of widely known furan polyesters and polyamides, such as polyethylene-, polypropylene-, polybutylene furanoates, polyhexamethylene furanamide, are considered, as well as developments towards novel promising materials that are furan copolymers and polymer mixtures. For the first time, studies have been systematized aimed at converting liquid and solid wastes of the synthesis of platform chemicals, known as humins, into a range of value-added products, including organic compounds, porous carbon materials, thermosetting binders, and anticorrosive coatings that can replace similar materials based on fossil raw materials. Economic and environmental prospects and problems of production and consumption of furan polymers are considered. The bibliography includes 275 references.

Furan Polymers: State of the Art and Perspectives

“…[15] Another recent contribution to HMF-based monomers was also published together with an analysis of humin-type furan macromolecules. [16] Another strategy to prepare bifunctional monomers for stepwise polymerization, this time incorporating two furan rings, consists in condensing 2-monosubstituted furans with ketones or aldehydes in an acidic medium, as shown in Scheme 6.…”

“…[ 15 ] Another recent contribution to HMF‐based monomers was also published together with an analysis of humin‐type furan macromolecules. [ 16 ]…”

Synthesis of 3-Aryl-3-(Furan-2-yl)Propanoic Acid Derivatives, and Study of Their Antimicrobial Activity

“…NMR spectra in the superacids TfOH at room temperature were recorded on Bruker 400 spectrometer at 400 and 100 MHz for 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra, respectively. NMR spectra in TfOH were referenced to the signal of CH 2 Cl 2 added as the internal standard: δ 5.30 ppm for 1 H NMR spectra and δ 53.52 ppm for 13 C NMR spectra. HRMS was carried out with instruments Bruker maXis HRMS-ESI-QTOF and Varian 902-MS MALDI Mass Spectrometer.…”

“…140 • C [33]). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ = 6.32 d (1H, =CH, J = 15.7 Hz), 6.49-6.50 m (1H hetarom. ), 6.67 d (1H hetarom.…”

“…Nowadays, biomass-derived furans such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) are paid great attention to, and they are considered platform chemicals [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. These compounds and their derivatives are widely used for the synthesis of many fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers, resins, solvents, adhesives, fungicides, paints, antifreezes, fuels, and others [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”