Funktionspr�fungen und St�rungen des Geschmackssinnes

Abstract

In a first anatomical section the peripheral gustatory pathways, their central connections, nuclei and cortical projections are discussed. It is evident, that the gustatory fibres from the posterior part of the tongue run in the IX nerve and those from the soft palate reach the medulla oblongata via the petrosal and facial nerve. For the anterior part of the tongue there obviously exists only one gustatory pathway via the chorda tympani-facial nerve. About the further central pathways of taste fibres is much less known. In a second part the methods of taste testing with different taste solutions and the electrogustometry are described. Their practical use and the pitfalls of testing are considered. The disorders of the taste sense compose a third part. Genetic and endocrine abnormalities as well as the side effects of drugs and radiotherapy and the destruction of taste nerves may lead to gustatory deviations. The possibility of central gustatory disorders, especially the combined loss of taste and smell as a result of trauma are mentioned. A chapter dealing with the therapy of taste disorders and a short outlook on the genetic aspects of this oral sense complete this review.

Sugar Intake, Taste Changes and Dental Health in Crohn’s Disease

“…Prior to the gustometric measurements, anosmia was excluded by testing the smell stimuli camphor, vanillin, dichlorethane, menthol and formic acid in different concentration ranges using the sniff-bottle technique [20]. The taste threshold for sweet was quantitatively determined with 8 sucrose solutions in graded concentrations (1-256 g/l in deionized water) using the pipette method [21]. 0.5 ml of the solutions in ascending order was given drop by drop on the tip of the tongue, the typical site for the perception of the sweet taste, and the subjects were asked to identify the test stimulus.…”

Zur Schadenstopik des Anosmie-Ageusie-Syndroms

“…Urn dieser Problematik näherzukornrnen, wurden in Untersuchungen der eigenen Arbeitsgruppe erstmals kombiniert subjektive psychophysische wie objektive elektrophysiologische Verfahren zur Prufung der Funktionen von Geruch und Geschmack gleichzeitig eingesetzt. Im einzelnen waren das a) subjektive Olfaktometrie (Riechflaschentechnik), b) gustatorisches Riechen nach Güttich (9), c) Computerolfaktornetrie, d) Atemgeräuscholfaktometrie (19), e) subjektive Gustometrie, f) Elektrogustornetrie (15).…”