Fungicides effectively used for growth inhibition of several fungi could induce mycotoxin biosynthesis in toxigenic species

Schmidt‐Heydt, Markus; Stoll, Dominic A.; Geisen, Rolf

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.07.019

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Similar type of fungicide-potentiation of mycotoxin production was documented in Penicillium verrucosum , a filamentous fungal pathogen producing the mycotoxin, citrinin (Schmidt-Heydt et al, 2013). When P. verrucosum was treated with the fungicide “Rovral” (Iprodione), an inhibitor of DNA/RNA biosynthesis and cell division, the growth of fungi was decreased.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…When P. verrucosum was treated with the fungicide “Rovral” (Iprodione), an inhibitor of DNA/RNA biosynthesis and cell division, the growth of fungi was decreased. However, a concomitant strong induction of citrinin biosynthesis also occurred in fungi with the same treatment (Schmidt-Heydt et al, 2013). Altogether, studies indicated that certain conventional fungicides could stimulate secondary metabolism, especially mycotoxin production, in fungal pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

et al. 2014

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The aim of this study was to examine two benzo analogs, octylgallate (OG) and veratraldehyde (VT), as antifungal agents against strains of Aspergillus parasiticus and A.flavus (toxigenic or atoxigenic). Both toxigenic and atoxigenic strains used were capable of producing kojic acid, another cellular secondary product. A. fumigatus was used as a genetic model for this study. When applied independently, OG exhibits considerably higher antifungal activity compared to VT. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of OG were 0.3–0.5 mM, while that of VT were 3.0–5.0 mM in agar plate-bioassays. OG or VT in concert with the fungicide kresoxim methyl (Kre-Me; strobilurin) greatly enhanced sensitivity of Aspergillus strains to Kre-Me. The combination with OG also overcame the tolerance of A. fumigatus mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mutants to Kre-Me. The degree of compound interaction resulting from chemosensitization of the fungi by OG was determined using checkerboard bioassays, where synergistic activity greatly lowered MICs or minimum fungicidal concentrations. However, the control chemosensitizer benzohydroxamic acid, an alternative oxidase inhibitor conventionally applied in concert with strobilurin, did not achieve synergism. The level of antifungal or chemosensitizing activity was also “compound—strain” specific, indicating differential susceptibility of tested strains to OG or VT, and/or heat stress. Besides targeting the antioxidant system, OG also negatively affected the cell wall-integrity pathway, as determined by the inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall-integrity MAPK pathway mutants. We concluded that certain benzo analogs effectively inhibit fungal growth. They possess chemosensitizing capability to increase efficacy of Kre-Me and thus, could reduce effective dosages of strobilurins and alleviate negative side effects associated with current antifungal practices. OG also exhibits moderate antiaflatoxigenic activity.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

et al. 2014

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“…However, during previous years, some fungicides have lost the efficiency gradually due to the development of resistance in strains (Schmidt‐Heydt et al . ; Spadaro et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biocontrol activity and patulin-removal effects of Bacillus subtilis , Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Agrobacterium tumefaciens against Penicillium expansum

et al. 2016

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“…Effective measures should be taken to avoid mycotoxin contamination in food. The first and foremost priority is prevention of mycotoxin production in the field before harvest and after harvesting in storage . A number of different agricultural practices, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current methods for mycotoxins analysis and innovative strategies for their reduction in cereals: an overview

et al. 2018

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by moulds in food that are considered a substantial issue in the context of food safety, due to their acute and chronic toxic effects on animals and humans. Therefore, new accurate methods for their identification and quantification are constantly developed in order to increase the performance of extraction, improve the accuracy of identification and reduce the limit of detection. At the same time, several industrial practices have shown the ability to reduce the level of mycotoxin contamination in food. In particular, a decrease in the amount of mycotoxins could result from standard processes naturally used for food processing or by procedures strategically introduced during processing, with the specific aim of reducing the amount of mycotoxins. In this review, the current methods adopted for accurate analyses of mycotoxins in cereals (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, fumonisins) are discussed. In addition, both conventional and innovative strategies adopted to obtain safer finished products from common cereals intended for human consumption will be explored and analysed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Fungicides effectively used for growth inhibition of several fungi could induce mycotoxin biosynthesis in toxigenic species

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

Use of benzo analogs to enhance antimycotic activity of kresoxim methyl for control of aflatoxigenic fungal pathogens

Biocontrol activity and patulin-removal effects of Bacillus subtilis , Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Agrobacterium tumefaciens against Penicillium expansum

Current methods for mycotoxins analysis and innovative strategies for their reduction in cereals: an overview

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