Fungicides Acting on Mitosis and Cell Division

Young, David H.; Ueyama, Isao; Kurahashi, Yoshio

doi:10.1002/9783527644179.ch18

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It exhibits its fungicidal activity by binding to the quinol oxidation (Q o ) site of cytochrome b to inhibit mitochondrial respiration in fungal species from the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota and fungal-like species from the Oomycota ( Bartlett et al, 2002 ; Feng et al, 2020 ). Pencycuron is a phenylurea fungicide of contact, which is highly specific to Rhizoctonia solani , inhibiting mycelial growth by blocking cell division and destroying the cytoskeleton of the microtubules during mitosis ( Young, 2012 ). Flutolanil is a systemic phenyl benzamide fungicide, used against diseases caused by Basidiomycota in crop plants ( Zhao et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicides With Contrasting Mode of Action Differentially Affect Hyphal Healing Mechanism in Gigaspora sp. and Rhizophagus irregularis

et al. 2021

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Fungicides are widely used in conventional agriculture to control fungal diseases, but may also affect non-target microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These root symbionts develop extended mycelial networks within the soil via mechanisms such as anastomosis that indistinctly concerns intact and damaged hyphae, the latter being named hyphal healing mechanism (HHM). The HHM differs between Glomeraceae and Gigasporaceae. However, the effects of fungicides on this mechanism in unknown. Here, the impact of azoxystrobin, pencycuron, flutolanil, and fenpropimorph at 0.02 and 2 mg L–1 were tested in vitro on the HHM of Gigaspora sp. MUCL 52331 and Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833, and repair events visualized carefully under a dissecting bright-field light microscope. Azoxystrobin was the more detrimental for both AM fungi at 2 mg L–1, while fenpropimorph impacted only R. irregularis (stimulating at low and inhibiting at high concentration). Conversely, flutolanil and pencycuron did not impact any of the two AM fungi. The mechanisms involved remains to be elucidated, but perturbation in the still-to-be firmly demonstrated spitzenkörper or in sterols content as well as a process of hormesis are possible avenues that deserve to be explored in view of a rationale management of chemicals to control fungal pathogens without harming the beneficial AM fungi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicides With Contrasting Mode of Action Differentially Affect Hyphal Healing Mechanism in Gigaspora sp. and Rhizophagus irregularis

et al. 2021

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“…Topsin M contains thiophanate methyl, which belongs to the benzimidazole class of fungicides. Thiophanate methyl inhibits microtubule assembly in fungi, disrupting cell division and growth [121,122]. The observed reduction in the linear growth of S. cepivorum can be attributed to the disruption of cell division processes by thiophanate methyl [123].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot

Elenany,

Atia,

Abbas

et al. 2024

Biology

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This study investigated the effectiveness of nanoparticles and chemical inducers in managing onion white rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum. The pathogen severely threatens onion cultivation, resulting in significant yield losses and economic setbacks. Traditional fungicides, though effective, raise environmental concerns, prompting a shift toward eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, four S. cepivorum isolates were utilized, each exhibiting varying degrees of pathogenicity, with the third isolate from Abu-Hamad demonstrating the highest potency. During the in vitro studies, three nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated, including Fe3O4 NPs, Cu NPs, and ZnO NPs, which demonstrated the potential to inhibit mycelial growth, with salicylic acid and Fe3O4 NPs exhibiting synergistic effects. In vivo, these nanoparticles reduced the disease incidence and severity, with Fe3O4 NPs at 1000–1400 ppm resulting in 65.0–80.0% incidence and 80.0–90.0% severity. ZnO NPs had the most positive impact on the chlorophyll content, while Cu NPs had minimal effects. At 1000 ppm, Fe3O4 NPs had variable effects on the phenolic compounds (total: 6.28, free: 4.81, related: 2.59), while ZnO NPs caused minor fluctuations (total: 3.60, free: 1.82, related: 1.73). For the chemical inducers, salicylic acid reduced the disease (10.0% incidence, 25.0% to 10.0% severity) and promoted growth, and it elevated the chlorophyll values and enhanced the phenolic compounds in infected onions. Potassium phosphate dibasic (PDP) had mixed effects, and ascorbic acid showed limited efficacy toward disease reduction. However, PDP at 1400 ppm and ascorbic acid at 1000 ppm elevated the chlorophyll values and enhanced the phenolic compounds. Furthermore, this study extended to traditional fungicides, highlighting their inhibitory effects on S. cepivorum. This research provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of these approaches, emphasizing their potential in eco-friendly onion white rot management.

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“…Neither pencycuron (a phenylurea highly specific to sensitive strains of Rhizoctonia solani – Young et al 2012 ) nor flutolanil (a highly systemic phenyl-benzamide used against Basidiomycota pathogens – Zhao et al 2019 ) affected mycelium growth and anastomosis of R . irregularis at either concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anastomosis within and between networks of Rhizophagus irregularis is differentially influenced by fungicides

2023

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play key roles in soil fertility of agroecosystems. They develop dense extraradical mycelial (ERM) networks via mechanisms such as hyphal anastomosis. These connections between hyphae can be affected by agricultural practices such as the use of fungicides, but how these compounds affect anastomosis formation within and more importantly between networks of the same AM fungal strain remains poorly unexplored. Here, the impact of azoxystrobin, pencycuron, flutolanil, and fenpropimorph at 0.02 and 2 mg L−1 were tested in vitro on the anastomosis formation within and between networks of Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833. Azoxystrobin and fenpropimorph had a particularly detrimental impact, at the highest concentration (2 mg L−1), on the number of anastomoses within and between networks, and for fenpropimorph in particular at both concentrations (0.02 and 2 mg L−1) on the number of anastomoses per length of hyphae. Curiously fenpropimorph at 0.02 mg L−1 significantly stimulated spore production, while with azoxystrobin, the reverse was observed at 2 mg L−1. The two other fungicides, pencycuron and flutolanil, had no detrimental effects on spore production or anastomosis formation within and between networks. These results suggest that fungicides with different modes of action and concentrations differentially affect anastomosis possibly by altering the hyphal tips of AM fungi and may thus affect the capacity of AM fungi to develop large hyphal networks exploring and exploiting the soil at the service of plants.

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Fungicides Acting on Mitosis and Cell Division

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Fungicides With Contrasting Mode of Action Differentially Affect Hyphal Healing Mechanism in Gigaspora sp. and Rhizophagus irregularis

Fungicides With Contrasting Mode of Action Differentially Affect Hyphal Healing Mechanism in Gigaspora sp. and Rhizophagus irregularis

Nanoparticles and Chemical Inducers: A Sustainable Shield against Onion White Rot

Anastomosis within and between networks of Rhizophagus irregularis is differentially influenced by fungicides

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