Fungicide resistance among Cladobotryum spp. — causal agents of cobweb disease of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Grogan, Helen; Gaze, R. H.

doi:10.1017/s0953756299001197

Cited by 66 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These isolates were more sensitive than 25% of the British isolates whose EC 50 values had been found to range from 0.14 to 7.8 mg L −1 . [10] Cyproconazole and flusilazole are components of two tested mixtures with carbendazim, whose EC 50 values were lower than 2.00 and 0.11 mg L −1 , respectively. Prochloraz manganese and flusilazole + carbendazim mixtures showed the highest toxicity to C. dendroides isolates due to the DMI supplements that amended the effect of carbendazim.…”

Section: Antifungal Activity Of Different Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The selected volumes of stock solution of fungicides were added to molten (50 • C) sterile culture media prior to pouring, grading the concentration range of active ingredients from 0.01 to 1000.00 mg L −1 . [10] Preliminary concentrations of all selected fungicides were: 0.01 0.10, 1.00, 10.00, 100.00 and 1000.00 mg L −1 . Based on previous results, the concentrations selected for further study were: benomyl 0. ; thiophanate-methyl 6.25, 12.50, 25.00 and 50.00 mg L −1 .…”

Section: Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[23] Contrary to our results, a majority of Cladobotryum isolates from the Republic of Ireland and the UK were found to be resistant to MBC fungicides after outbreaks of cobweb disease that reached epidemic proportions in 1994/5. [3,10] The Irish isolates were tolerant to benomyl and carbendazim at concentrations up to 10.00 mg L −1 . [3] At the height of cobweb epidemic in the UK in 1995, 25% of the isolates were weakly resistant to thiabendazole (EC 50 values ranging between 1.00 and 10.00 mg L −1 ) and sensitive to carbendazim (EC 50 < 1.00 mg L −1 ), while the remaining 75% were strongly resistant to thiabendazole (EC 50 > 200.00 mg L −1 ) and weakly resistant to carbendazim (EC 50 values ranged between 2.00 and 10.00 mg L −1 ).…”

Section: Antifungal Activity Of Different Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] At the height of cobweb epidemic in the UK in 1995, 25% of the isolates were weakly resistant to thiabendazole (EC 50 values ranging between 1.00 and 10.00 mg L −1 ) and sensitive to carbendazim (EC 50 < 1.00 mg L −1 ), while the remaining 75% were strongly resistant to thiabendazole (EC 50 > 200.00 mg L −1 ) and weakly resistant to carbendazim (EC 50 values ranged between 2.00 and 10.00 mg L −1 ). [10] Thiabendazole was not included in our study as it is not commonly used in Serbian mushroom farms.…”

Section: Antifungal Activity Of Different Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…isolates were strongly resistant to thiabendazole and weakly resistant to carbendazim. [6,10] Imidazole demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), one of which is prochloraz manganese, provide effective prevention of Verticillium fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa and Cladobotryum spp. by inhibiting the demethylation step in ergosterol biosynthesis, an essential compound responsible for the stability and functioning of lipoprotein membranes in many fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitrotoxicity of selected fungicides from the groups of benzimidazoles and demethylation inhibitors toCladobotryum dendroidesandAgaricus bisporus

Potočnik

Vukojević

Stajić

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Twenty microfungal isolates were collected from diseased fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus sampled from Serbian mushroom farms during [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007]. Based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity tests, the isolates were identified as Cladobotryum dendroides. The isolates of C. dendroides and A. bisporus F56 and U3 were tested for sensitivity to several selected fungicides in vitro. C. dendroides isolates were found to be more sensitive to prochloraz manganese and flusilazole + carbendazim than to the other fungicides tested (EC 50 values were 0.09 and 0.11 mg L −1 , respectively) and weakly resistant to thiophanate-methyl (EC 50 values ranged between 6.53 and 12.09 mg L −1 ). Selectivity indexes of the tested fungicides on both C. dendroides and A. bisporus indicated that thiophanate-methyl, cyproconazole + carbendazim and flusilazole + carbendazim had much less selective fungitoxicity than benomyl, carbendazim and prochloraz manganese.

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Section: Antifungal Activity Of Different Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Antifungal Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Antifungal Activity Of Different Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antifungal Activity Of Different Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

In vitrotoxicity of selected fungicides from the groups of benzimidazoles and demethylation inhibitors toCladobotryum dendroidesandAgaricus bisporus

Potočnik

Vukojević

Stajić

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Fungicide control of mushroom cobweb disease caused by Cladobotryum strains with different benzimidazole resistance profiles

Grogan

2006

Pest Management Science

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The benzimidazole fungicides thiabendazole and carbendazim, and the imidazole fungicide prochloraz-Mn, were tested for their efficacy in controlling cobweb disease of mushrooms caused by two Cladobotryum isolates. Isolate 202A was benzimidazole-sensitive in vitro and cobweb growth on the casing was well controlled by both benzimidazole fungicides in cropping experiments. Carbendazim also controlled the development of spotting symptoms much more effectively than thiabendazole. A second isolate (192B1) was benzimidazole-resistant and was highly resistant to thiabendazole in vitro but it showed some sensitivity to carbendazim in vitro at moderate to high concentrations. Despite this, carbendazim did not control disease symptoms in cropping experiments, confirming that isolate 192B1 is cross-resistant to other benzimidazole fungicides. Both isolates showed some sensitivity to prochloraz-Mn in vitro. This fungicide gave between 45% and 65% control of cobweb growth on the casing caused by either 202A or 192B1 but gave no control of spotting symptoms. Reducing the fungicide application volume did not give enhanced disease control. The emergence of benzimidazole resistance reduces the value of benzimidazoles in the control of mushroom pathogens. However, the lack of effective alternatives means they continue to have utility in cases where pathogens are still sensitive but this requires regular monitoring of pathogen populations for resistance.

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Persistence of the fungicides thiabendazole, carbendazim and prochloraz‐Mn in mushroom casing soil

Grogan¹,

Jukes²

2003

Pest Management Science

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The persistence of the fungicides thiabendazole, carbendazim and prochloraz-Mn in mushroom casing soil was determined following their application at rates commonly used in the UK mushroom industry. Following drench applications, the concentration of all active ingredients was always higher in the top half of the casing soil layer than in with the bottom half. When carbendazim and prochloraz-Mn were applied using half the recommended volume of water per unit area, there was a tendency for carbendazim concentrations to be even higher in the top half of the casing soil, compared with the standard treatment, while concentrations of prochloraz-Mn were similar, irrespective of the volume of water used. Carbendazim and prochloraz-Mn concentrations in the top half of the casing layer decreased to < or = 13 mg kg(-1) by day 28/29, following different applications, whereas the thiabendazole concentration was consistently high during the course of the crop, being < or = 83 mg kg(-1) at day 31. Fungicides that do not persist at high concentrations in mushroom casing soil for the duration of the crop may not give good control of mushroom pathogens, particularly if the fungicide concentration falls to a level which is close to the EC50 value.

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Fungicide resistance among Cladobotryum spp. — causal agents of cobweb disease of the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Cited by 66 publications

References 12 publications

In vitrotoxicity of selected fungicides from the groups of benzimidazoles and demethylation inhibitors toCladobotryum dendroidesandAgaricus bisporus

In vitrotoxicity of selected fungicides from the groups of benzimidazoles and demethylation inhibitors toCladobotryum dendroidesandAgaricus bisporus

Fungicide control of mushroom cobweb disease caused by Cladobotryum strains with different benzimidazole resistance profiles

Persistence of the fungicides thiabendazole, carbendazim and prochloraz‐Mn in mushroom casing soil

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