“…The synergistic effect (fungicidal activities) of hybrid copper(II) chitosan NPs to inhibit the growth of F. graminearum, Verticillium dahlia 57, and F. solani 169 was reported. In both cases, the NPs exerted an excellent efficacy in repressing the growth of fungi [94,95]. Other authors reported that certain strains of A. flavus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, P. aurantiogriseum, and Torulaspora delbrueckii were resistant to chitosan at levels as high as 1% [7,96].…”
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites synthesized by filamentous fungi. They are common food contaminants that cause mycotoxicosis in humans and animals. Due to the severity of health risk pose by these mycotoxins, many countries have enacted strict measures to curb this menace. One promising measure is the use of nanoparticles. Herein, we present an overview of the application of titanium dioxide, chitosan, ultradisperse humic sapropel suspension, and carbon-based nanoparticles, a novel and innovative method of reducing mycotoxin production and the subsequent contamination of grains. All nanoparticles considered enhanced cell permeability by disrupting the membrane, resulting in the outflow of cellular materials. However, concentration, volume, type, and illumination (sunlight) influenced the fungicidal potential of NPs.
“…The synergistic effect (fungicidal activities) of hybrid copper(II) chitosan NPs to inhibit the growth of F. graminearum, Verticillium dahlia 57, and F. solani 169 was reported. In both cases, the NPs exerted an excellent efficacy in repressing the growth of fungi [94,95]. Other authors reported that certain strains of A. flavus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, P. aurantiogriseum, and Torulaspora delbrueckii were resistant to chitosan at levels as high as 1% [7,96].…”
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites synthesized by filamentous fungi. They are common food contaminants that cause mycotoxicosis in humans and animals. Due to the severity of health risk pose by these mycotoxins, many countries have enacted strict measures to curb this menace. One promising measure is the use of nanoparticles. Herein, we present an overview of the application of titanium dioxide, chitosan, ultradisperse humic sapropel suspension, and carbon-based nanoparticles, a novel and innovative method of reducing mycotoxin production and the subsequent contamination of grains. All nanoparticles considered enhanced cell permeability by disrupting the membrane, resulting in the outflow of cellular materials. However, concentration, volume, type, and illumination (sunlight) influenced the fungicidal potential of NPs.
“…Хітозан є природним біостимулятором, який використовується при лікуванні термічних опіків [10]. Вивчена фунгіцидна активність хітозану і його наноструктурованих систем з міддю, які активно пригнічують ріст і розвиток фітопатогенних грибів [11]. Хітозан як природний матеріал цінний також тим, що його користі властивості посилюються в поєднанні з іншими біокомпонентами [12].…”
Section: рівень гетерозису та ступінь фенотипового домінування основн...unclassified
There were presented the results of heterosis level (hypothetical and true) and the degree of phenotypic dominance of the main economically valuable characteristics in hybrids of silkworm Bombyx Mori L. of the first generation. The crossing was conducted by full diallel scheme, including 16 variants (12 hybrids and 4 parental forms), 50 mg in triplicate replications.
There were studied the types of heredity and the level of heterosis of the main economically valuable characteristics in F1 hybrids of silkworms. It was revealed that the heredity of caterpillars viability, average cocoon weight and male silkiness was mostly positive as regards to G2, G4, G6 and G7 lines, while the heredity of females was mostly depressed (negative superdominance).
Determination of the effect of heterosis and the degree of phenotypic dominance made it possible to identify 7 best combinations in terms of caterpillar viability in comparison with parental forms, among them the best were hybrids G2×G6 and G6×G2 with high degree of phenotypic dominance (positive superdominance) -- 7.8 and 9.0, with hypothetical heterosis of 11.0% and 12.7% and true heterosis of 9.4% and 11.1% accordingly.
The effect of heterosis (positive superdominance) was found in 8 hybrids according to cocoon weight out of 12 hybrid combinations, partial positive inheritance in 3 hybrids, and intermediate type of dominance in 1 hybrid.
The hybrids G6×G4 (Ht=9.00 %, Hbt=8.30 %) and G6×G7 (Ht=1.68 %, Hbt=1.43 %), whose heredity was of the positive superdominance type, were distinguished by female silkiness with a high level of hypothetic and true heterosis (13, 92 and 6.80, accordingly), while hybrid depression was observed in 5 combinations, intermediate heredity in 3, and partial positive and negative dominance in one combination each.
The 9 hybrids had positive overdominance type heredity for silkiness in males.
Production of high-quality silkworm biomaterial contributes to extension of possibilities of its use in various spheres of human activity.
Conventional agriculture solely depends upon highly chemical compounds that have negatively ill-affected the health of every living being and the entire ecosystem. Thus, the smart delivery of desired components in a sustainable manner to crop plants is the primary need to maintain soil health in the upcoming years. The premature loss of growth-promoting ingredients and their extended degradation in the soil increases the demand for reliable novel techniques. In this regard, nanotechnology has offered to revolutionize the agrotechnological area that has the imminent potential over conventional agriculture and helps to reform resilient cropping systems withholding prominent food security for the ever-growing world population. Further, in-depth investigation on plant-nanoparticles interactions creates new avenues toward crop improvement via enhanced crop yield, disease resistance, and efficient nutrient utilization. The incorporation of nanomaterial with smart agrochemical activities and establishing a new framework relevant to enhance efficacy ultimately help to address the social acceptance, potential hazards, and management issues in the future. Here, we highlight the role of nanomaterial or nanocomposite as a sustainable as well stable alternative in crop protection and production. Additionally, the information on the controlled released system, role in interaction with soil and microbiome, the promising role of nanocomposite as nanopesticide, nanoherbicide, nanofertilizer, and their limitations in agrochemical activities are discussed in the present review.
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