Fungicide Effects on Fungal Community Composition in the Wheat Phyllosphere

Karlsson, Ida; Friberg, Hanna; Steinberg, Christian; Persson, Paula

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111786

Cited by 161 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In a greenhouse experiment, Liggitt et al, (1997) found that inoculation of wheat ears with saprotrophic fungi before F. culmorum inoculation reduced FHB severity. In the field, the phyllosphere of cereals harbour a diverse fungal community that is affected by cultural practices (Karlsson et al, 2014;Sapkota et al, 2015). Interactions between Fusarium and other fungi are likely to occur in the phyllosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels

Karlsson

Friberg

Kolseth

et al. 2017

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereals caused by Fusarium fungi. The disease is of great economic importance especially owing to reduced grain quality due to contamination by a range of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium. Disease control and prediction is difficult because of the many Fusarium species associated with FHB. Different species may respond differently to control methods and can have both competitive and synergistic interactions. Therefore, it is important to understand how agricultural practices affect Fusarium at the community level.Lower levels of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of organically produced cereals compared with conventionally produced have been reported, but the causes of these differences are not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of agricultural factors on Fusarium abundance and community composition in different cropping systems. Winter wheat kernels were collected from 18 organically and conventionally cultivated fields in Sweden, paired based on their geographical distance and the wheat cultivar grown. We characterised the Fusarium community in harvested wheat kernels using 454 sequencing of translation elongation factor 1-a amplicons. In addition, we quantified Fusarium spp. using real-time PCR to reveal differences in biomass between fields.We identified 12 Fusarium operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a median of 4.5 OTUs per field. Fusarium graminearum was the most abundant species, while F. avenaceum had the highest occurrence. The abundance of Fusarium spp. ranged two orders of magnitude between fields. Two pairs of Fusarium species co-occurred between fields: F. poae with F. tricinctum and F. culmorum with F. sporotrichoides. We could not detect any difference in Fusarium communities between the organic and conventional systems. However, agricultural intensity, measured as the number of pesticide applications and the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, had an impact on Fusarium communities, specifically increasing the abundance of F. tricinctum. There were geographical differences in the Fusarium community composition where F. graminearum was more abundant in the western part of Sweden. The application of amplicon sequencing provided a comprehensive view of the Fusarium community in cereals. This gives us better opportunities to understand the ecology of Fusarium spp., which is important in order to limit FHB and mycotoxin contamination in cereals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels

Karlsson

Friberg

Kolseth

et al. 2017

International Journal of Food Microbiology

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“…The major difference between these two farming systems that is expected to affect fungal community structure is the application of fungicides. Previous studies have presented evidence of the effects of fungicide treatment on fungal community structure (13,16). Thus, we suggest that fungicide application might be one of the factors that differentiate the fungal community compositions between the extensive and conventional farming systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Moreover, Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Epicoccum are well known for their allergenic properties (7). Although the drivers of wheat phytopathogen infection, such as climatic factors, wheat cultivar, and cropping history, have been intensively studied (12), little is known about the factors that shape the structure of entire fungal communities (e.g., pesticides) (13), and even less is known about fungal diversity in airborne dust generated during wheat harvesting. Thus, currently the homogeneity of the exposure of grain workers to fungal aerosols from one field to another during their work is difficult to estimate.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In temperate regions, even seasonal thermal fluctuations have been shown to affect the dynamics of plant pathogens (20,21). In landscapes disturbed by agricultural practice, an additional selective filter acts on aboveground fungal communities: the fungicide treatments (13,22). However, no studies have simultaneously investigated how farming system, environmental variables, and plant cultivars affect the composition of fungal communities along ecological gradients and what are the consequences of these eventual changes on fungal particles aerosolized during plant handling.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Airborne and Grain Dust Fungal Community Compositions Are Shaped Regionally by Plant Genotypes and Farming Practices

Pellissier

Oppliger

Hirzel

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Chronic exposure to airborne fungi has been associated with different respiratory symptoms and pathologies in occupational populations, such as grain workers. However, the homogeneity in the fungal species composition of these bioaerosols on a large geographical scale and the different drivers that shape these fungal communities remain unclear. In this study, the diversity of fungi in grain dust and in the aerosols released during harvesting was determined across 96 sites at a geographical scale of 560 km 2 along an elevation gradient of 500 m by tag-encoded 454 pyrosequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Associations between the structure of fungal communities in the grain dust and different abiotic (farming system, soil characteristics, and geographic and climatic parameters) and biotic (wheat cultivar and previous crop culture) factors were explored. These analyses revealed a strong relationship between the airborne and grain dust fungal communities and showed the presence of allergenic and mycotoxigenic species in most samples, which highlights the potential contribution of these fungal species to work-related respiratory symptoms of grain workers. The farming system was the major driver of the alpha and beta phylogenetic diversity values of fungal communities. In addition, elevation and soil CaCO 3 concentrations shaped the alpha diversity, whereas wheat cultivar, cropping history, and the number of freezing days per year shaped the taxonomic beta diversity of these communities.

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“…Finally, selection 326 by the habitat can be exerted by agricultural practices. A few studies showed that fungicide 327 applications can reduce the diversity and alter the composition of the foliar microbial community 328 (Gu et al, 2010;Moulas et al, 2013; Cordero-Bueso et al, 2014;Karlsson et al, 2014). 329 However, several other studies showed that the foliar fungal communities of grapevine are 330 highly resilient to some chemical or biological pesticides (Walter et al, 2007; Perazzolli et al, 331 2014; Ottesen et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Foliar fungal communities strongly differ between habitat patches in a landscape mosaic

Fort

Robin

Capdevielle

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Dispersal events between habitat patches in a landscape mosaic can structure ecological communities and influence the functioning of agrosystems. Here we investigated whether short-distance dispersal events between vineyard and forest patches shape foliar fungal communities. We hypothesized that these communities homogenize between habitats over the course of the growing season, particularly along habitat edges, because of aerial dispersal of spores.We monitored the richness and composition of foliar and airborne fungal communities over the season, along transects perpendicular to edges between vineyard and forest patches, using Illumina sequencing of the ITS2 region.In contrast to our expectation, foliar fungal communities in vineyards and forest patches increasingly differentiate over the growing season, even along habitat edges. Moreover, the richness of foliar fungal communities in grapevine drastically decreased over the growing season, in contrast to that of forest trees. The composition of airborne communities did not differ between habitats. The composition of oak foliar fungal communities change between forest edge and centre.These results suggest that dispersal events between habitat patches are not major drivers of foliar fungal communities at the landscape scale. Selective pressures exerted in each habitat by the host plant, the microclimate and the agricultural practices play a greater role, and might account for the differentiation of foliar fugal communities between habitats. 15 ecological communities and influence the functioning of agrosystems. Here we investigated 16 whether short-distance dispersal events between vineyard and forest patches shape foliar fungal 17 communities. We hypothesized that these communities homogenize between habitats over the 18 course of the growing season, particularly along habitat edges, because of aerial dispersal of 19 spores.20 Methods. We monitored the richness and composition of foliar and airborne fungal communities 21 over the season, along transects perpendicular to edges between vineyard and forest patches, 22 using Illumina sequencing of the ITS2 region.23 Results. In contrast to our expectation, foliar fungal communities in vineyards and forest patches 24 increasingly differentiate over the growing season, even along habitat edges. Moreover, the 25 richness of foliar fungal communities in grapevine drastically decreased over the growing 26 season, in contrast to that of forest trees. The composition of airborne communities did not differ 27 between habitats. The composition of oak foliar fungal communities change between forest edge 28 and centre.29 Discussion. These results suggest that dispersal events between habitat patches are not major 30 drivers of foliar fungal communities at the landscape scale. Selective pressures exerted in each 31 habitat by the host plant, the microclimate and the agricultural practices play a greater role, and 32 might account for the differentiation of foliar fungal communities between habitats.34 Introduction 35 ...

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Fungicide Effects on Fungal Community Composition in the Wheat Phyllosphere

Cited by 161 publications

References 60 publications

Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels

Agricultural factors affecting Fusarium communities in wheat kernels

Airborne and Grain Dust Fungal Community Compositions Are Shaped Regionally by Plant Genotypes and Farming Practices

Foliar fungal communities strongly differ between habitat patches in a landscape mosaic

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