Fungicidal effects of sodium hypochlorite solution on Saprolegnia isolated from eggs of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta

Preventive efficacy of sodium hypochlorite against water mold infection on eggs of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta

“…Previous papers 7–9 reported that sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl), a food additive, had a strong fungicidal property on some strains of Saprolegnia , typical pathogens causing the saprolegniasis, and that it remarkably protected the salmon eggs from fungal infection 10 . The purpose of this study is to determine the preventive efficacy of NaOCl against water mold infection on the eggs of chum salmon in a hatchery.…”

In vitro screening for the antifungal activity of some Egyptian plant extracts against the fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica

“…Various treatment protocols were applied to control the outbreak of saprolegniasis, including: malachite green which was banned in 2002 due to its toxic and carcinogenic properties (Fernandes, Lalitha, & Rao, 1991), hydrogen peroxide (Kitancharoen, Yamamoto, & Hatai, 1997) which was proved to have narrow safety margin, as concentrated hydrogen peroxide is caustic and exposure may result in local tissue damage (Burka et al, 1997), formalin; despite that it's approved by FDA as an oomyceticide; many safety concerns and effects on the environment are raised to result in expected banning for aquaculture practice (Bly, Quiniou, Lawson, & Clem, 1996), Bronopol (Pyceze ® ); which is a thiol-dehydrogenase enzyme inhibitor that cause leakage of cell membrane of the pathogen, resulting in pathogen death; specific active concentration makes it impractical to be applied for large quantities of water (Branson, 2002;Oono, Hatai, Aikawa, & Hara, 2008), sodium chloride (NaCI), acetic acid and povidone iodine are also effective, but only at high concentration, rendering it also impractical (Fuangsawat, Abking, & Lawhavinit, 2011), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ; Sherif & Abdel-Hakim, 2016), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; Khomvilai, Kashiwagi, & Khomvilai, 2005), chlorine dioxide (Prasatporn et al, 2010), chitosan (Min, Hatai, & Bai, 1994) and copper fibre (Miura, 2005) were also effective in vitro on research scale.…”

Extent of chum salmon egg softening caused by sodium hypochlorite as an antifungal agent

“…The antifungal activities of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a food additive, have been investigated, 3–9 and these have suggested that NaOCl would be a promising agent to replace malachite green. However, further research is required to make it fit for practical use because it may bring about the undesirable effects resulting in egg softening.…”