Fungi onNarthecium ossifragum leaves and their possible involvement in alveld disease of Norwegian lambs

Menna, Margaret E. Di; Flåøyen, A.; Ulvund, MJ

doi:10.1007/bf01839008

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Some cases are complex with synergistic or additive effects caused by different aetiological factors, a hypothesis supported by the sporadic pattern of certain outbreaks and the difficulty of experimentally recreating photosensitisation outbreaks associated with some plant species or other causal agents in their own right [2,21–23]. For example, sporidesmin, a mycotoxin contained in the spores of the saprophytic fungus Pithomyces chartarum , is capable of causing hepatogenous photosensitisation [12,24], especially in New Zealand where approximately 95% P . chartarum are toxigenic [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

et al. 2019

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Background Photosensitisation is a clinical condition occurring in both humans and animals that causes significant injury to affected individuals. In livestock, outbreaks of photosensitisation caused by ingestion of toxic plants are relatively common and can be associated with significant economic loss. Objectives The agents that are most commonly implicated in outbreaks of photosensitisation have not been formally investigated on a global scale. To address this question, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken to determine the most common causative agents implicated in outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock in Australia and globally, as well as the prevalence and morbidity of such outbreaks. Methods A systematic database search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed case reports of photosensitisation in livestock published worldwide between 1900 and April 2018. Only case reports with a full abstract in English were included. Non peer-reviewed reports from Australia were also investigated. Case reports were then sorted by plant and animal species, type of photosensitisation by diagnosis, location, morbidity and mortality rate and tabulated for further analysis. Results One hundred and sixty-six reports qualified for inclusion in this study. Outbreaks were reported in 20 countries. Australia (20), Brazil (20) and the United States (11) showed the highest number of peer-reviewed photosensitisation case reports from this analysis. Hepatogenous (Type III) photosensitisation was the most frequently reported diagnosis (68.5%) and resulted in higher morbidity. Panicum spp., Brachiaria spp. and Tribulus terrestris were identified as the most common causes of hepatogenous photosensitisation globally. Conclusions Hepatogenous photosensitisation in livestock represents a significant risk to livestock production, particularly in Australia, Brazil, and the United States. Management of toxic pastures and common pasture weeds may reduce the economic impact of photosensitisation both at a national and global level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

et al. 2019

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“…However, Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. Ellis, was found on N. ossifragum in alveld pastures (di Menna et al, 1992). M.B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Nine strains of C. magnusianum were isolated in July 1991 from green leaves of N. ossifragum collected from sites in Bjerkreim (N41, N42, N53, N57), Aure (N64, N65, N66) and Melhus (N71, N73), Norway (di Menna et aL, 1992).…”

Section: Magnusianum Strab~smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the disease is notoriously difficult to reproduce by dosing experiments (Ender, 1955;Flhcyen et al, 1991), it was suggested that saponins alone may not cause the lesions (Fl~¢yen et al, 1991) but that a mycotoxin, possibly sporidesmin, might be involved (Aas and Ulvund, 1989). Ellis, the fungus that produces sporidesmin, is rare in alveld pastures in Norway during the season in which alveld occurs (di Menna et al, 1992). & Curt.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cladosporium magnusianum (Jaap) M.B. Ellis is probably not involved in alveld

et al. 1993

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“…Under such conditions, elevated saponin levels in Narthecium plants may induce a critical intake in grazing lambs. On the other hand, it has been proposed that mycotoxins from epiphytic Narthecium-associated fungi (di Menna et al, 1992;Flåøyen, 2000) may be causative agents. The work reported in this paper was undertaken to test the dose-response hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sapogenin Levels in Narthecium ossifragum Plants and Ovis aries Lamb Faeces during Two Alveld Outbreaks in Møre og Romsdal, Norway, 2001

et al. 2007

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The proposal that saponins produced by the lily bog asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum) may be the direct cause of the hepatogenous photosensitization disease alveld seen in Norwegian lambs was investigated by comparing sapogenin levels in two control and two toxic pastures, and in faeces from lambs grazing the four pastures in the Halsa and Surnadal municipalities, Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Generally similar levels of sapogenins, determined after hydrolysis of parent plant saponins, were found in Narthecium leaves collected in June/July 2001 from the two alveld outbreak areas and two nearby control areas. Differences in the median sapogenin levels determined for leaf samples in outbreak and control areas were not statistically significant. The total level of free and conjugated sapogenins in faeces recovered from the rectums of lambs grazing the outbreak and control pastures areas varied greatly. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis that a dose-response relationship exists between Narthecium saponin levels and the occurrence of alveld outbreaks.

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Fungi onNarthecium ossifragum leaves and their possible involvement in alveld disease of Norwegian lambs

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

Cladosporium magnusianum (Jaap) M.B. Ellis is probably not involved in alveld

Sapogenin Levels in Narthecium ossifragum Plants and Ovis aries Lamb Faeces during Two Alveld Outbreaks in Møre og Romsdal, Norway, 2001

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