Fungi of Virgin and Cultivated Soil of Salhiah Desert, Egypt

El-Gindy, A.A.; Saad, R. R.

doi:10.1016/s0232-4393(11)80061-2

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some species survive as commensals within the body cavities of humans, including the nose and paranasal sinuses. [9] When a favorable situation (immunocompromised status) arises as in prolonged steroid or antibiotic therapy or postsurgical exposure of raw areas, these dimorphic fungi metamorphosize into invasive forms and present themselves in a panoramic spectrum of clinical manifestations [Table 3]. [10] An unwarranted and uncontrolled misuse of drugs, especially antibiotics, steroids, and antihistamines, in semi-urban and rural population is an important factor to contribute to this disease in developing countries such as India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyalohyphomycosis of maxillary antrum

Rai¹,

Tiwari²,

Sandhu³

et al. 2012

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

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Fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses is an increasingly recognized entity, both in normal and immunocompromised individuals. The recent increase in mycotic nasal and paranasal infections is due to both improved diagnostic research and an increase in the conditions that favor fungal infection. Although fungal infections of the paranasal sinus are uncommon, 3–5% of incidence is reported. Aspergillus, Candida, and Mucor species are the most common causative agents of fungal sinusitis, but infection with lesser known species have been reported across the world infrequently. This article reviews and presents a case report of chronic fungal sinusitis in an immunocompetent adult male infected with two species of Hyalohyphomycosis group namely, Paecilomyces and Scopulariopsis which are opportunistic soil saprophytes, uncommon to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyalohyphomycosis of maxillary antrum

Rai¹,

Tiwari²,

Sandhu³

et al. 2012

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol

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“…One of these human pathogenic fungi is A. fumigatus . This ubiquitous mold can be found in all climate zones on earth from desert areas to the Antarctic regions . In its asexual life cycle, A. fumigatus produces a huge amount of 2–3 μm small spores (conidia) that are covered by a thin hydrophobic protein layer .…”

Section: Pulmonary Innate Immune Responses Following Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular immune reactions in the lung

Hasenberg

Stegemann-Koniszewski

Gunzer

2012

Immunological Reviews

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Summary The lung constantly interacts with the environment through thousands of liters of air that are inhaled daily. This continually transports toxic chemicals and particles or pathogenic microorganisms deep into the respiratory system, posing a challenge to physicochemical barriers and the local immune system. Thus, complex structures and mechanisms have evolved to recognize and fend off environmental dangers while at the same time allowing efficient gas exchange. Here we review our current knowledge regarding cellular mechanisms of the immune system in context with the highly specialized anatomical features of the airways and especially the alveolar compartment. The focus is on fungal and viral infections, merging anatomical aspects well known to pulmonologists with fundamental immunological concepts. We discuss the specialized morphological constraints of immune cells compressed under a continuous layer of the surfactant lining within alveoli as well as the importance of functional polarization of respiratory tract epithelia. Furthermore, we summarize the different types of innate and adaptive immune cells and their relative contribution to lung homeostasis with respect to localization. Finally, we provide a list of currently unresolved questions with high relevance for the field that might serve as food for thought regarding future research directions.

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“…Given the ubiquity of Paecilomyces lilacinus in the environment (3,9,20,22,29), it is likely that the patient described in this report acquired his infection through minor trauma to his knees while working as an auto mechanic. Although he did not remember any puncture wounds or breaks in his skin, he had spent considerable time on his knees before development of symptoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…After another week of antibacterial therapy, radiographs of the right knee, tibia, and fibula were interpreted as normal. At that time, another aspiration of the site was performed, yielding 1.5 ml of fluid containing 2,600 leukocytes per mm 3 , 97% of which were polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and 21,300 erythrocytes per mm 3 . Bacterial and mycobacterial cultures were negative, but fungal cultures of the aspirate again grew a mould morphologically identical to the first isolate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complicated soft tissue infection with prepatellar bursitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an immunocompetent host: case report and review

1996

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Paecilomyces lilacinus infections are quite rare. Most reports involve immunocompromised patients or implanted objects. We report the first case of complicated soft tissue infection caused by P. lilacinus in an immunocompetent host. The spectrum of infections involving this fungus is reviewed. Paecilomyces species are widely distributed throughout the environment. They are frequently detected in soil samples (3, 5, 9, 16), decomposing vegetation (29), and as airborne contaminants (22). Despite its ubiquity, Paecilomyces lilacinus remains an uncommon cause of fungal infections in humans. The majority of case reports describe ocular infections (1, 6, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 27). Others have implicated Paecilomyces lilacinus as a cause of dermatologic infection (2, 8, 15, 28), sinusitis (23, 24), pulmonary mycosis (4), an abdominal wall abscess (26), and fungemia related to an indwelling catheter (29). We describe the first reported case of deep soft tissue infection with bursitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an immunocompetent host. Surgery and prolonged antifungal therapy were required to eradicate the infection. Case report. A 35-year-old male Caucasian presented to a general internist complaining of pain and swelling below his right knee for 5 days. The patient was employed as an auto mechanic and stated that his pain began after working on his knees on a cement floor. He did not recall any break in the skin or any injury involving a foreign body. A diagnosis of pretibial effusion was made, and fluid was aspirated. A swab culture of the fluid for aerobic bacteria revealed no growth. The patient saw a second physician shortly thereafter, with the same complaints. The area was again aspirated and then injected with a corticosteroid. Cultures were not obtained. Although his symptoms improved briefly, pain and swelling returned 2 months later, at which time the patient was evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon. A radiograph of the knee was normal, and a clinical diagnosis of prepatellar bursitis was made. One week later, he was examined by a rheumatologist, who aspirated a fluctuant pretibial lesion. Four milliliters of purulent material contained 183,000 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per mm 3 , 30,000 erythrocytes per mm3, and a glucose level of 4 mg/dl. Gram's stain revealed many polymorphonuclear leukocytes but no organisms. Treatment with oral cefaclor was initiated. Cultures for aerobic bacteria and mycobacteria were subsequently negative, but a mould was isolated from the aspirated pus. The patient's signs and symptoms did not improve with the antibiotic, and he developed a temperature of 101 to 102ЊF (ϳ38.5 to 38.7ЊC). Five days later his

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Fungi of Virgin and Cultivated Soil of Salhiah Desert, Egypt

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Hyalohyphomycosis of maxillary antrum

Hyalohyphomycosis of maxillary antrum

Cellular immune reactions in the lung

Complicated soft tissue infection with prepatellar bursitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an immunocompetent host: case report and review

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