Fungi Isolated from Poultry Droppings Express Antagonism against Clinical Bacteria Isolates

Ezekwueche, Stephen Nnaemeka; Umedum, Chinelo Ursula; Uba, Chibuzo Christain; Anagor, Ifeoma Sandra

doi:10.9734/mrji/2018/46183

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, a huge number of spores are found in wet litter, whereas birds affected by A. terreus, and A. niger may show dyspnea, fever, gasping, yellowish diarrhea, and mortality rate ranged from 5% to 50% especially during initial 1-3 weeks of age (Dhama et al, 2013). In contrast, Ezekwueche et al (2018) found that the most predominant Aspergillus spp. was A. niger in poultry dropping samples (48.0%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental Monitoring of Zoonotic Fungal Infection in Broiler Chickens: Novel Approach to Control using Nano-fungicide Composite

Mohammed

Abdel-Latef

2021

Trop. Anim. Sci. J.

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Control of fungal infections has not taken much attention compared to bacterial and viral pathogens inflicting significant economic losses to the poultry sectors as well as direct harms to human health due to their zoonotic implication. This study aimed to investigate the existence of fungal pathogens in broiler chicks dropping and their environment. As well, evaluate the efficiency of Terminator disinfectant (coco-benzyl-dimethyl ammonium chlorides and glutaraldehyde), nano copper oxide (CuO NPs), and Terminator/ nano copper oxide (Terminator/CuO NPs) on the fungal growth inhibition to control resistant fungus to antifungal agents. All samples (n= 320) were collected from chicks dropping, their environment (air, water, feeds, litter, drinkers, and feeders) as well, the attendant's hand swabs for isolation and identification of fungal pathogens. The susceptibility pattern of 65 strains of fungal isolates to antifungal agents, terminator disinfectant, and nanofungicide composites was determined by the disc diffusion assay and broth micro-dilution method. All isolates were highly resistant to voriconazole antifungal drugs, whilst Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) was resistant (100%) to fluconazole. Furthermore, the sensitivity of Aspergillus terreus (A. terreus) and Penicillium corylophilum (P. corylophilum) was 0.0% to fluconazole, and amphotericin-B. Whilst the antifungal activity of Terminator/CuO NPs against fungal pathogens proved its lethal effect (100%) against all fungal isolates at 0.5 mg/mL compared to the efficiency of both Terminator at 1:50 and CuO NPs at 2.0 mg/mL was not exceeded 84.6% and 76.9%, respectively against all fungal strains. In conclusion, nano-fungicide is a promising product for the prevention of fungal pathogens in broiler chickens and their environment. The control of zoonotic resistant fungus using novel nano-fungicide composite (Terminator/CuO NPs) at 0.5 mg/mL concentration was efficiently achieved compared to nano copper oxide at 2.0 mg/mL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental Monitoring of Zoonotic Fungal Infection in Broiler Chickens: Novel Approach to Control using Nano-fungicide Composite

Mohammed

Abdel-Latef

2021

Trop. Anim. Sci. J.

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“…In the laboratory, the cassettes of the air sampler were opened and the gel slides were placed on the surface of Sabouraud dextrose agar plates supplemented with 0.05% of chloramphenicol. All the culture plates were incubated at room temperature, for five [5] days as described by [9].…”

Section: Sample Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphological characteristics of the pure fungi culture plates were observed and recorded for seven days as previously described. [9] Fungal cells were stained using Lactophenol cotton blue and examined at a low power magnification (X40) using a light microscope. The results were compared with the descriptions in a fungal Atlas as previously reported [11].…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Effects of Two Medicinal Plants and Common Disinfectants against Air-Borne Fungi in Poultry House

Anagor

Umedum

Ezekwueche

et al. 2019

JAMB

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Aim: This research was undertaken to compare the antifungal effects of Eupatorium odoratum leaf extract and Vernonia amygdalina extracts with common disinfectants on air-borne fungi in poultry houses. Place and Duration of Study: Air in four poultry farms within Ihiala Local Government Area, Anambra State was sampled between March 2017 and October 2017. Methodology: Poultry air of four different sites at Uli town in Ihiala local government area of Anambra state in Nigeria, were sampled using Sedimentation and Volumetric methods. Fresh leaves of Eupatorium odoratum and Vernonia amygdalina were collected from Uli town, Anambra State, air-dried, processed and extracted using Ethanol and water. Four-hundred (400) mg of the crude extracts were evaluated for Antifungal activity using agar diffusion method. The MIC and MFC were determined using Broth dilution methods. Results: Five isolates namely, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tubingensis, Candida akabanensis, Candida rugosa, and Fusarium solani were identified. Antimicrobial evaluation of the crude extracts showed that ethanol extract of Eupatorium odoratum had activity against all the test isolates except Candida akabenensis and Fusarium solani. The aqueous extracts of Eupatorium odoratum and Vernonia amygladina had activity against all the isolate except Candida akabenensis and Fusarium solani and Candida rugosa. Common disinfectants used in this study namely Izal and Polidine showed inhibitory activity against all the isolates. Ethanol extract of Eupatorium odoratum recorded a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 mg/ml against A. flaus, F. solani, and A. tubingensis, while the minimum inhibitory concentration for Candida rugosa is 200 mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Ethanol extract of Eupatorium odoratum against A. flaus, F. solani, Candida rugosa and A. tubingensis were 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml respectively. Aqueous extract of Eupatorium odoratum recorded a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 mg/ml against A. flaus and A. tubingensis, while the minimum inhibitory concentration against Candida rugosa is 400 mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration of Aqueous extract of Eupatorium odoratum, were 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml for A. flaus, Candida rugosa and A. tubingensis respectively. Ethanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina leaf had lower minimum inhibitory concentrations of 100 mg/ml against A. flavus, A. tubingensis respectively, and 200 mg/ml against F. solani, while the minimum fungicidal concentrations recorded for A. flavus, A. tubingensis and F. solani were 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. Aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 mg/ml and 400 mg/ml against A. flavus and A. tubingensis with a minimum fungicidal concentration of 400 mg/ml for both isolates only. The Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of both Izal and Polidine was between 12.5% V/V and 50% V/V against all the isolates except Polidine that had minimum fungicidal concentration of 100% V/V against Candida rugosa. Conclusion: The extracts of Eupatorium odoratum and Vernonia amygdalina has antifungal activity against all the isolates except Candida akabenensis. If considered and used as a disinfectant during misting, it may decrease the cost of disinfecting poultry farms using available disinfectants in the market. These suggestion, however, need further work to validate reliability.

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Fungi Isolated from Poultry Droppings Express Antagonism against Clinical Bacteria Isolates

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Environmental Monitoring of Zoonotic Fungal Infection in Broiler Chickens: Novel Approach to Control using Nano-fungicide Composite

Environmental Monitoring of Zoonotic Fungal Infection in Broiler Chickens: Novel Approach to Control using Nano-fungicide Composite

Comparative Effects of Two Medicinal Plants and Common Disinfectants against Air-Borne Fungi in Poultry House

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