Fungi Associated with Bovine Abortion in the Northern Plains States (USA)

Knudtson, W.U.; Kirkbride, Clyde A.

doi:10.1177/104063879200400211

Cited by 83 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…This agent has also been associated with bovine mycotic abortion. 23 A recent review of zygomycotic infections described 2 modes of transmission for R pusillus-namely, inhalation of spores and percutaneous introduction of spores. 32 However, the presence of R pusillus in mesenteric lymph nodes in our study indicates an oral route of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zygomycotic Lymphadenitis in Slaughtered Feedlot Cattle

et al. 2010

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During the 12 months of 2006, zygomycotic lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 194 of 198 feedlot steers (0.04% of cattle slaughtered during that period) in a California slaughterhouse as part of bovine tuberculosis surveillance. Mesenteric lymph nodes were involved in 190 cases. Affected lymph nodes were enlarged (2 to 42 cm in greatest dimension), firm, and mottled gray-white to yellow with multiple granular or caseocalcareous foci. Histologically, nodal architecture was effaced by necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, and fibrosis. In approximately 20% of the cases, granulomas were mainly restricted to subcapsular sinuses and afferent lymphatic vessels, causing granulomatous lymphangitis. Nonseptate, irregularly branching hyphae with nonparallel walls and bulbous enlargements were common in necrotic areas and within the cytoplasm of multinucleated giant cells. Fungal cultures were performed on 124 affected lymph nodes using 7 media, but no zygomycetes were cultured. Fungal DNA was amplified from 20 lymph nodes. Amplicons from 16 nodes had nearly 100% homology with sequences for Rhizomucor pusillus; 4 amplicons had (> 98%) homology with Absidia corymbifera sequences. Zygomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for granulomatous lymphadenitis in feedlot steers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zygomycotic Lymphadenitis in Slaughtered Feedlot Cattle

et al. 2010

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“…After a diagnosis had been made by microscopic examination, tissues were cultured for fungi in an attempt to identify the etiologic agent. 15 Mummified fetuses. When suitable tissues could be obtained from mummified fetuses, FAT and culture for BDV were done.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnoses in 1,784 Ovine Abortions and Stillbirths

Kirkbride

1993

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Of 1,799 accessions of ovine abortions and stillbirths by the South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory during a IO-year period, 1,784 were suitable for examination. Etiologic diagnoses were made in 786 (44%). Infectious agents were found responsible in 702 accessions (39%), and noninfectious causes were involved in 84 (5%). No diagnosis was made in 998 accessions (56%), 61 of which were mummified fetuses. Lesions, most of which indicated the presence of an infectious agent, were found in 274 cases (15%) in which no agent could be identified. Together, Toxoplasma gondii, Campylobacter sp., and Chlamydia psittaci caused -25% of all abortions and stillbirths examined.In a 10-year period, 1980-1989, 1,799 ovine abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (SDADRDL). Of these, 15 were unsuitable for examination. In this article, the etiologic agents, lesions, and syndromes associated with the 1,784 abortions and stillbirths that were examined are discussed. Materials and methodsMost of the 1,799 submissions were from South Dakota and the states immediately surrounding it. In many cases, submissions included specimens from more than 1 aborted or stillborn lamb from a flock. Assuming that a single agent was responsible for all the abortions in a flock, each submission was given a single accession number regardless of the number of lambs represented. Only rarely was more than 1 etiologic agent found in a single accession, and in those cases each lamb and agent was included in the final count. Most of the submissions were from flocks with <500 ewes.Veterinarians were encouraged to submit entire carcasses and placentas whenever possible. After 1983, veterinarians who performed necropsies and submitted tissues were encouraged to include body cavity fluids or heart blood. Necropsy, tissue collection, and histologic procedures were similar to those described for bovine abortions. 11 Bacteriologic examination. Stomach contents and lungs were cultured aerobically and microaerophilically on blood agar plates. Aerobic plates were examined after 24, 48, and 72 hr incubation. Microaerophilic plates were examined after 72 hr incubation. Isolates were identified by standard procedures. When placenta only was presented, it was cultured in the same way.A drop of content from the abomasum was examined by dark-field microscopy for organisms resembling Campylobacter sp. Smears of the cut surface of cotyledons from every placenta received were stained by the Gimenez method 8 and examined microscopically for Chlamydia elementary bodies. When results of examination of Gimenez-stained smears of placenta for Chlamydia were equivocal, cryostat sections were examined by fluorescent antibody test (FAT). 18 Smears of the cut surface of the kidney were examined for leptospires by FAT. 13 Virologic examination. Cryostat sections of spleen and kidney were examined for border disease virus (BDV) by the FAT procedure used to detect bovine viral diarrhea v...

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“…A. fumigatus is the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis, a condition associated with substantial severity and mortality rates (2). Invasive infections caused by E. nidulans are uncommon in animals and humans (3)(4)(5); in humans they appear to occur predominantly in patients who have chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a rare disorder of phagocytes in which the absence of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in phagocytes predisposes patients to bacterial and fungal infections. Invasive E. nidulans infections in this patient group are associated with higher mortality rates than those caused by A. fumigatus (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Emericellaquadrilineataas Cause of Invasive Aspergillosis

Verweij

Varga

Houbraken

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We noted a cluster of 4 cases of infection or colonization by Emericella spp., identifi ed by sequence-based analysis as E. quadrilineata. Sequence-based analysis of an international collection of 33 Emericella isolates identifi ed 12 as E. nidulans, all 12 of which had previously been identifi ed by morphologic methods as E. nidulans. For 12 isolates classifi ed as E. quadrilineata, only 6 had been previously identifi ed accordingly. E. nidulans was less susceptible than E. quadrilineata to amphotericin B (median MICs 2.5 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, p<0.05); E. quadrilineata was less susceptible than E. nidulans to caspofungin (median MICs, 1.83 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, p<0.05). These data indicate that sequence-based identifi cation is more accurate than morphologic examination for identifying Emericella spp. and that correct species demarcation and in vitro susceptibility testing may affect patient management.T he genus Aspergillus includes >250 species; ≈20 have been reported to cause opportunistic infections in humans. The most important human pathogens in this genus are A. fumigatus, A. fl avus, A. niger, A. terreus, and Emericella nidulans (anamorph: A. nidulans) (1). A. fumigatus is the most common cause of invasive aspergillosis, a condition associated with substantial severity and mortality rates (2). Invasive infections caused by E. nidulans are uncommon in animals and humans (3-5); in humans they appear to occur predominantly in patients who have chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a rare disorder of phagocytes in which the absence of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in phagocytes predisposes patients to bacterial and fungal infections. Invasive E. nidulans infections in this patient group are associated with higher mortality rates than those caused by A. fumigatus (6,7). The most common site of infection is the lungs; other manifestations are subcutaneous abscesses or liver abscesses, suppurative adenitis, osteomyelitis, fungemia, cellulitis, and meningitis (7,8). Within the genus Emericella, other species have only rarely been identifi ed as agents of human or animal infections.The identifi cation of E. nidulans in clinical microbiology laboratories is commonly based on the characteristic microscopic morphology, the production of hülle cells, or the production of ascospores. A. fumigatus is identifi ed by its heat tolerance; other species fail to grow when incubated at high temperature, typically 48°C.We recently noted a cluster of infection or colonization by E. quadrilineata, a species closely related to E. nidulans. Within a 3-month period, 4 cases were identifi ed at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center. No apparent epidemiologic link between the cases was found because each patient was cared for in a different ward, and 2 patients with invasive aspergillosis were admitted directly from home. One of the latter 2 patients was a 10-year-old boy with X-linked CGD and a probable diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (9); the other patient was a 60-year-old man...

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Fungi Associated with Bovine Abortion in the Northern Plains States (USA)

Cited by 83 publications

References 21 publications

Zygomycotic Lymphadenitis in Slaughtered Feedlot Cattle

Zygomycotic Lymphadenitis in Slaughtered Feedlot Cattle

Diagnoses in 1,784 Ovine Abortions and Stillbirths

Emericellaquadrilineataas Cause of Invasive Aspergillosis

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