Fungi as Sources of Polysaccharides for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

Freitas, Filomena; Roca, Christophe; Reis, Maria A.M.

doi:10.1002/9781119041450.ch3

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 181 publications

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“…In order to improve health and extend life, several engineered technologies have been developed for the targeted delivery and/or controlled release of therapeutic agents. Fungal chitin‐based polymers revealed great potential to be used as biomaterials to fabricate hydrogels and nanoparticles as drug delivery agents …”

Section: Applications Of Fungal Chitin Chitosan and Chitin/chitosan–mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…stalks with irregular shape and dimension), can provide an abundant raw material for chitinous polysaccharide extraction. This strategy not only enables the valorization of such waste biomass but also avoids the environmental burden and costs related to waste disposal by landfill or incineration …”

Section: Fungal Sources Of Chitinous Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment with organic solvents (e.g. ethanol, acetone) is also used for removal of residual cell wall components such as lipids or proteins . Chitin or chitosan can further be obtained from CGC and ChGC respectively.…”

Section: Extraction Of Polymers From the Fungal Cell‐wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy not only enables the valorization of such waste biomass but also avoids the environmental burden and costs related to waste disposal by landfill or incineration. 13,37 The content of chitin and chitosan in fungal species, their structure and degree of polymerization are dependent on the species, media composition (carbon and nitrogen sources and their concentrations, micronutrients), cultivation conditions (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration) and fermentation systems (solid state or submerged, batch, fed-batch or continuous processes). 9,37 Fungal cells are chemoorganotrophic organisms and in order to grow they need organic carbon sources.…”

Section: Fungal Sources Of Chitinous Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ethanol, acetone) is also used for removal of residual cell wall components such as lipids or proteins. 11,16,37 Chitin or chitosan can further be obtained from CGC and ChGC respectively. For that, enzymes are employed to cleave the linkage between glucan and chitin/chitosan or to degrade the glucan moiety of the polymers.…”

Section: Polymer Separation and Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitinous polymers: extraction from fungal sources, characterization and processing towards value‐added applications

Araújo

Ferreira

Torres

et al. 2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Chitin, chitosan and their complexes with β‐glucan (chitin–glucan complex, CGC, and chitosan–glucan complex, ChGC) are value‐added polysaccharides extracted from the cell‐walls of many fungi. Commercial chitin and its deacetylated form, chitosan, are currently obtained from marine waste material, mostly animal sources (crustaceans and marine invertebrates), through harsh chemical procedures that have low reproducibility due to the variability of the composition of the sources and their seasonal character. These disadvantages are overcome by using fungi as sources of chitinous polymers. The extraction of chitin/chitosan from fungi cell‐walls has the great advantage of yielding products with stable composition and properties, using simpler procedures, with the added benefit of also generating CGC and ChGC, two copolymers that combine the proven properties of chitin/chitosan with those of β‐glucans. Over the last decades, fungal chitinous polymers have been the focus of extensive research that included optimization of the cultivation conditions of a wide range of species and the development of optimized extraction, purification and characterization techniques, as well as the demonstration of the biopolymers' biological properties, which include immunomodulatory, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Given these properties, several attempts were made to develop applications for them in areas ranging from biomedicine and pharmaceuticals to food and agriculture. Despite their wide range of proven functional properties that include the ability to form different polymeric structures, as well as biological activity, fungal chitinous biopolymers are still underexplored. Nevertheless, these biopolymers hold great potential for development into valuable products or applications that are surely worth further investigation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Applications Of Fungal Chitin Chitosan and Chitin/chitosan–mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Fungal Sources Of Chitinous Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction Of Polymers From the Fungal Cell‐wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Sources Of Chitinous Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Separation and Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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