Fungal x host interactions in Chromoblastomycosis

Salgado, Cláudio Guedes

doi:10.4161/viru.1.1.10169

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…M. pudica is a creeping annual or perennial herb belonging to the pea family, Fabaceae ; it is native to South and Central America and currently considered a pantropical weed that is also prevalent in the Asian countries ( Souza Filho et al, 2001 ). It has been associated with thorn trauma, leading to chromoblastomycosis ( Salgado et al, 2004 ; Salgado, 2010 ). B. gasipaes is a palm native to the tropical forests of South and Central America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. pudica represents an attractive model for in vitro analysis because of its rapid growth. It was invaded when the fungus was inoculated via culture medium in vitro ; however, the vessel invasion only occurred when it was previously infected in vitro ( Supplementary Figures S2C,E,G,I ), although, there are a previously reports of this plant colonized by the fungus related to the disease ( Salgado et al, 2004 ; Salgado, 2010 ). The fine stems of the plant are difficult to manipulate, which interferes with the in vitro inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Model for Trans-Kingdom Pathogenicity in Fonsecaea Agents of Human Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2018

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The fungal genus Fonsecaea comprises etiological agents of human chromoblastomycosis, a chronic implantation skin disease. The current hypothesis is that patients acquire the infection through an injury from plant material. The present study aimed to evaluate a model of infection in plant and animal hosts to understand the parameters of trans-kingdom pathogenicity. Clinical strains of causative agents of chromoblastomycosis (Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Fonsecaea monophora) were compared with a strain of Fonsecaea erecta isolated from a living plant. The clinical strains of F. monophora and F. pedrosoi remained concentrated near the epidermis, whereas F. erecta colonized deeper plant tissues, resembling an endophytic behavior. In an invertebrate infection model with larvae of a beetle, Tenebrio molitor, F. erecta exhibited the lowest survival rates. However, F. pedrosoi produced dark, spherical to ovoidal cells that resembled muriform cells, the invasive form of human chromoblastomycosis confirming the role of muriform cells as a pathogenic adaptation in animal tissues. An immunologic assay in BALB/c mice demonstrated the high virulence of saprobic species in animal models was subsequently controlled via host higher immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for Trans-Kingdom Pathogenicity in Fonsecaea Agents of Human Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2018

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“…Pathogenic Fonsecaea species have an optimum growth temperature of 33°C and a maximum growth temperature of 37°C (185). These cardinal temperatures are slightly higher than those of strictly environmental species.…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, live muriform cells have a high capacity for the induction of Langerhans giant-cell formation in vitro (185). Acid-labile galactofuranosyl residues are responsible for the immunogenic property of galactomannans isolated from three Fonsecaea species (191).…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), also known as chromomycosis, is one of the most prevalent implantation fungal infections, being the most common of the gamut of mycoses caused by melanized or brown-pigmented fungi. CBM is mainly a tropical or subtropical disease that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around the world. The following characteristics are associated with this disease: (i) traumatic inoculation by implantation from an environmental source, leading to an initial cutaneous lesion at the inoculation site; (ii) chronic and progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous tissular involvement associated with fibrotic and granulomatous reactions associated with microabscesses and often with tissue proliferation; (iii) a nonprotective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response with ineffective humoral involvement; and (iv) the presence of muriform (sclerotic) cells embedded in the affected tissue. CBM lesions are clinically polymorphic and are commonly misdiagnosed as various other infectious and noninfectious diseases. In its more severe clinical forms, CBM may cause an incapacity for labor due to fibrotic sequelae and also due to a series of clinical complications, and if not recognized at an early stage, this disease can be refractory to antifungal therapy.

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“…Chromoblastomycosis is considered as an implantation mycosis, and the patients usually acquire the infection through an injury from plant material. 3 , 25 , 26 Of note, some previous study showed that the inoculated F. pedrosoi can differentiate into muriform cells in the epidermis of Mimosa pudica plant, from which the agent was isolated. 25 – 27 In the present study, we further demonstrated that F. pedrosoi can reproduce daughter cells as muriform cells in mouse tissue—and cause further damage to the footpad without reverse transformation into hyphal form.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muriform Cells Can Reproduce by Dividing in an Athymic Murine Model of Chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi

Dong

Liu

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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. Transformation of Fonsecaea pedrosoi into muriform cells enhances the resistance against phagocytosis and elimination by host immune cells, and links to the chronicity of chromoblastomycosis. Here, we aim to determine whether the muriform cells can reproduce in tissue without reverse transformation into hyphal form by using an experimental nu/nu-BALB/c mouse model of chromoblastomycosis due to F. pedrosoi . During the whole 81-day observation period, most of the hyphal inocula had transformed into muriform cells at 75 days postinoculation and maintained as this parasitic morphology till 81 days postinoculation simultaneously with increased fungal loads in tissue and the worsening of footpad lesion. Scanning and transmitting electronic microscope examinations showed that the muriform cells obtained in tissue or induced in vitro can reproduce daughter cells by dividing, and, meanwhile, the daughter cells had the potential to produce buds and grow into hyphae reversely. Furthermore, exoenzyme examination suggested that the profile of exoenzymes constituted by muriform cells was quite different from that constituted by hyphae although the assay showed both of them had obvious metabolic activity. By contrast, most muriform cells in the footpad gradually transformed into the elongated hyphae without obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells during repeated intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, per every other day) from 50 to 80 days postinoculation. Therefore, we infer that F. pedrosoi can reproduce by dividing as muriform cells in mouse tissue, and the morphological transformation between hyphal form and muriform cells is possibly associated with the host immune status.

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Fungal x host interactions in Chromoblastomycosis

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

A Model for Trans-Kingdom Pathogenicity in Fonsecaea Agents of Human Chromoblastomycosis

A Model for Trans-Kingdom Pathogenicity in Fonsecaea Agents of Human Chromoblastomycosis

Chromoblastomycosis

Muriform Cells Can Reproduce by Dividing in an Athymic Murine Model of Chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi

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