Fungal Wall Components and Immunostimulation

Domer, Judith E.; Garner, Ronald E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76074-7_31

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…1995). Moreover, the structure and molecular mass of EPS has been found to play an important role on their biological activities (Domer and Garner 1991). In this regard, it is important to mention here that the characterization data for EPS from submerged culture of mushrooms should be obtained for each culture condition.…”

Section: Characterization Of Epssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and molecular characteristics of four groups of exopolysaccharides from submerged culture of Phellinus gilvus

Hwang¹,

Kim²,

Xu³

et al. 2003

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims:The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal culture conditions for the production of four groups of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) in Phellinus gilvus by submerged culture and to investigate their molecular properties by multi-angle laser-light scattering (MALLS) analysis. Methods and Results: The optimal temperature and initial pH for the production of both mycelial biomass and EPSs in P. gilvus by submerged flask cultures were found to be 30°C and pH 9AE0, respectively. Glucose and corn steep powder were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for both mycelial biomass and EPS production. Optimal medium composition was determined to be glucose 30 g l )1 , corn steep powder 5 g l )1 , MgSO 4 1AE23 g l )1 , KH 2 PO 4 0AE68 g l )1 , and K 2 HPO 4 0AE87 g l )1 . Four groups of EPSs (Fr-I, II, III, and IV) were obtained from the culture filtrates by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B and characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with MALLS. The weight average molar mass (M w ) of Fr-I, Fr-II, Fr-III and Fr-IV were determined to be 8AE628 · 10 6 (±129 420), 1AE045 · 10 6 (±19 855), 61AE09 · 10 4 (±1244), and 33AE55 · 10 4 (±134) g mol )1 , respectively. Conclusions: Under optimal culture conditions, the maximum EPS production in a 5-l stirred fermenter indicated 5AE3 g l )1 after 11 days of fermentation. The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that Fr-I, which has extremely high molecular weight, was presumably an aggregate of complex polysaccharides forming a compact globular shape; whereas Fr-II was nearly spherical, Fr-III and Fr-IV were rod-like chains in an aqueous solution. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on the production of high amounts of EPSs from liquid-culture of the basidiomycete, P. gilvus. The SEC/MALLS approach used in this study could be useful in providing greater insight into the characterization of the mushroom polysaccharides without carrying out elaborate fractionation procedures prior to analysis.

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Section: Characterization Of Epssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and molecular characteristics of four groups of exopolysaccharides from submerged culture of Phellinus gilvus

Hwang¹,

Kim²,

Xu³

et al. 2003

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Different components of yeast cell wall have been examined for their inflammatory potential [6][7][8][9]. The main components of yeast cell wall are 1→3-β-glucan, mannan, and chitin, which comprise 90% of the cell wall [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Single Pre-Exposure to a High Dose of Zymosan Enhances Lung Defense Mechanisms and Accelerates the Pulmonary Clearance of a Bacterial Pathogen in Rats

Young

Antonini

Roberts

2008

Experimental Lung Research

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The present study examines the effects of pre-exposure to zymosan (a 1 --> 3-beta-glucan from baker yeast) on lung defense against bacterial infection. Rats received a single dose of zymosan A (0.6, 1.2, or 2.5 mg/kg body weight [bw]) or vehicle control (saline) via intratracheal instillation 3 days prior to intratracheal inoculation with 5 x 10(5) Listeria monocytogenes. Left lungs were homogenized and cultured to assess bacterial clearance, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the right lungs to monitor lung inflammation and injury. Prior to bacterial infection, zymosan exposure resulted in elevated inflammation and oxidant production in the lungs. Zymosan treatment followed by infection led to an accelerated pulmonary clearance of bacteria when compared to the saline control group in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, lower levels of injury and inflammation were associated with the enhanced bacteria clearance observed in zymosan-infected rats. Our findings suggest that zymosan exposure may enhance the lung immune response by activating alveolar macrophages prior to infection, and stimulating T cells involved in the adaptive immune response early after infection, thus resulting in a heightened pulmonary immune response.

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Glucomannan fromCandida utilis

1993

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Structure of the glucomannan isolated from the cell walls of Candida utilis has been investigated using acetolysis fragmentation, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the glucomannan resembles that of the cellular mannans of other Candida species, except that the longer tetra- and pentassacharide side-chains are terminated with a glucosyl residue. Presence of the nonreducing glucosyl groups at the ends of the side-chains caused the C. utilis not to cross-react in a double immunodiffusion test with other Candida species that possess mannan antigens and cross-react with Hansenula species with glucomannan antigens.

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Fungal Wall Components and Immunostimulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Production and molecular characteristics of four groups of exopolysaccharides from submerged culture of Phellinus gilvus

Production and molecular characteristics of four groups of exopolysaccharides from submerged culture of Phellinus gilvus

Single Pre-Exposure to a High Dose of Zymosan Enhances Lung Defense Mechanisms and Accelerates the Pulmonary Clearance of a Bacterial Pathogen in Rats

Glucomannan fromCandida utilis

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