Fungal vaccines, mechanism of actions and immunology: A comprehensive review

Nami, Sanam; Mohammadi, Rasoul; Vakili, Mahshid; Khezripour, Kimia; Mirzaei, Hamed; Morovati, Hamid

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.075

Cited by 102 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Numerous efforts have been carried out in developing vaccines against fungal infections. Some of these challenges engaged in different stages of clinical trials; however, none of them could be finally approved for public use (Nami et al 2019). It was previously shown that the pre-treatment of Galleria mellonella larvae with fungal EVs stimulated a protective response against a lethal challenge with C. albicans or C. neoformans (Vargas et al 2015, Colombo et al 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RevisitingCryptococcusextracellular vesicles properties and their use as vaccine platforms

Rizzo

Wong

Gazi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Whereas extracellular vesicle (EV) research has become commonplace in different biomedical fields, this field of research is still in its infancy in mycology. Here we provide a robust set of data regarding the structural and compositional aspects of EVs from the pathogenic yeast C. neoformans. By using cutting-edge methodological approaches including cryogenic electron microscopy and cryogenic electron tomography, proteomics, and nanoscale flow cytometry, we revisited cryptococcal EV features and suggest a new EV structural model, in which the vesicular lipid bilayer is covered by a 16 nm thick mannoprotein-based fibrillar decoration, bearing the capsule polysaccharide as its outer layer. About 10% of the EV population is devoid of fibrillar decoration, adding another aspect to EV diversity. By analyzing EV protein cargo from three cryptococcal species, we characterized the typical Cryptococcus EV proteome. It contains several membrane-bound protein families, including some Tsh proteins bearing a SUR7/PalI motif. The presence of known protective antigens on the surface of Cryptococcus EVs, resembling the morphology of encapsulated virus structures, suggested their potential as a vaccine. Indeed, mice immunized with EVs obtained from an acapsular C. neoformans mutant strain rendered a strong antibody response and significantly prolonged survival of mice upon C. neoformans infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RevisitingCryptococcusextracellular vesicles properties and their use as vaccine platforms

Rizzo

Wong

Gazi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Therefore, fungal life‐threatening infections are known as a health challenge in both developed and developing countries. Moreover, extensive studies have been conducted on the design of antifungal vaccines. Moreover, during the recent decade, designing the novel immunotherapeutic is under developing, including cytokine/pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligand therapy and antigen trained dendritic cells (DCs) .…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between immune response to fungal infection and microRNAs: The pioneer tuners

Pakshir

Badali

Nami

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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Summary Due to their physiological and biological characteristics, numerous fungi are potentially emerging pathogens. Active dynamicity of fungal pathogens causes life‐threatening infections annually impose high costs to the health systems. Although immune responses play crucial roles in controlling the fate of fungal infections, immunocompromised patients are at high risk with high mortality. Tuning the immune response against fungal infections might be an effective strategy for controlling and reducing the pathological damages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as the master regulators of immune response. These single‐stranded tuners (18‐23 bp non‐coding RNAs) are endogenously expressed by all metazoan eukaryotes and have emerged as the master gene expression controllers of at least 30% human genes. In this review article, following the review of biology and physiology (biogenesis and mechanism of actions) of miRNAs and immune response against fungal infections, the interactions between them were scrutinised. In conclusion, miRNAs might be considered as one of the potential goals in immunotherapy for fungal infections. Undoubtedly, advanced studies in this field, further identifying of miRNA roles in governing the immune response, pave the way for inclusion of miRNA‐related immunotherapeutic in the treatment of life‐threatening fungal infections.

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“…It is estimated that vaccination prevented at least 10 million deaths globally between 2010 and 2015 (381). No fungal vaccine has yet been approved for use in humans although clinical trials of fungal vaccines have been reported and a number are in preclinical and clinical development (382,383). Our ever-improving knowledge of the immune system ought to increase the likelihood of developing fungal vaccines, but a number of challenges exist and for a number of infectious diseases, treatment rather than vaccination remains the optimal strategy.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response

Mercer

O’Neil

2020

Front. Immunol.

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The purpose of this review is to describe antifungal therapeutic candidates in preclinical and clinical development derived from, or directly influenced by, the immune system, with a specific focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Although the focus of this review is AMP with direct antimicrobial effects on fungi, we will also discuss compounds with direct antifungal activity, including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), as well as immunomodulatory molecules that can enhance the immune response to fungal infection, including immunomodulatory AMP, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, interferon and colony stimulating factors as well as immune cell therapies. The focus of this manuscript will be a non-exhaustive review of antifungal compounds in preclinical and clinical development that are based on the principles of immunology and the authors acknowledge the incredible amount of in vitro and in vivo work that has been conducted to develop such therapeutic candidates.

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Fungal vaccines, mechanism of actions and immunology: A comprehensive review

Cited by 102 publications

References 142 publications

RevisitingCryptococcusextracellular vesicles properties and their use as vaccine platforms

RevisitingCryptococcusextracellular vesicles properties and their use as vaccine platforms

Interactions between immune response to fungal infection and microRNAs: The pioneer tuners

Innate Inspiration: Antifungal Peptides and Other Immunotherapeutics From the Host Immune Response

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