Fungal tyrosine betaine, a novel secondary metabolite from conidia of entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp. fungi

Carollo, Carlos Alexandre; Calil, Ana Luiza A.; Schiave, Letícia Aparecida; Guaratini, Thais; Roberts, Donald W.; Lopes, Norberto P.; Braga, Gilberto Úbida Leite

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.03.009

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Likewise, M. anisopliae did not generate pyomelanin on medium‐containing l ‐tyrosine with or without sulcotrione, indicating that it probably does not use the pyomelanin‐synthesis pathway (65). We have not detected carotenoids and xanthophylls in Metarhizium conidia (45). Fang et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Information about the presence and the importance of noncromogenic small metabolites to Metarhizium conidial tolerance to solar radiation is very limited. Recently, we isolated a novel UV‐absorbing metabolite named tyrosine betaine that accumulates exclusively in Metarhizium conidia (45). We have demonstrated the importance of pigmentation of Metarhizium conidia, especially M. robertsii ARSEF 23, to tolerance against solar‐simulated radiation (27,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Induced by UVB Radiation in Conidia of the Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Metarhizium acridum and Metarhizium robertsii

Nascimento

Silva

Marques

et al. 2010

Photochem & Photobiology

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Conidia are responsible for reproduction, dispersal, environmental persistence and host infection of many fungal species. One of the main environmental factors that can kill and/or damage conidia is solar UV radiation. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) are the major DNA photoproducts induced by UVB. We examined the conidial germination kinetics and the occurrence of CPD in DNA of conidia exposed to different doses of UVB radiation. Conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans and Metarhizium acridum were exposed to UVB doses of 0.9, 1.8, 3.6 and 5.4 kJ m(-2). CPD were quantified using T4 endonuclease V and alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. Most of the doses were sublethal for all three species. Exposures to UVB delayed conidial germination and the delays were directly related both to UVB doses and CPD frequencies. The frequencies of dimers also were linear and directly proportional to the UVB doses, but the CPD yields differed among species. We also evaluated the impact of conidial pigmentation on germination and CPD induction on Metarhizium robertsii. The frequency of dimers in an albino mutant was approximately 10 times higher than of its green wild-type parent strain after exposure to a sublethal dose (1.8 kJ m(-2)) of UVB radiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Induced by UVB Radiation in Conidia of the Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Metarhizium acridum and Metarhizium robertsii

Nascimento

Silva

Marques

et al. 2010

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Mannitol has been proposed to play roles as a carbohydrate reserve in environmental stress tolerance and during conidiation in the wheat pathogen fungus Stagonospora nodorum (63,64). In the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, mannitol is the most abundant metabolite in conidial extracts (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ¹ H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Measure Intracellular Metabolite Levels during Growth and Asexual Sporulation in Neurospora crassa

et al. 2011

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Conidiation is an asexual sporulation pathway that is a response to adverse conditions and is the main mode of dispersal utilized by filamentous fungal pathogens for reestablishment in a more favorable environment. Heterotrimeric G proteins (consisting of ␣, ␤, and ␥ subunits) have been shown to regulate conidiation in diverse fungi. Previous work has demonstrated that all three of the G␣ subunits in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa affect the accumulation of mass on poor carbon sources and that loss of gna-3 leads to the most dramatic effects on conidiation. In this study, we used 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to profile the metabolome of N. crassa in extracts isolated from vegetative hyphae and conidia from cultures grown under conditions of high or low sucrose. We compared wild-type and ⌬gna-3 strains to determine whether lack of gna-3 causes a significant difference in the global metabolite profile. The results demonstrate that the global metabolome of wild-type hyphae is influenced by carbon availability. The metabolome of the ⌬gna-3 strain cultured on both high and low sucrose is similar to that of the wild type grown on high sucrose, suggesting an overall defect in nutrient sensing in the mutant. However, analysis of individual metabolites revealed differences in wild-type and ⌬gna-3 strains cultured under conditions of low and high sucrose.

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“…131 We predict co-culturing will be a favored method in future studies. Alternatively, examining extracts of spores of Metarhizium anisopliae allowed for the identification of tyrosine betaine that could not be detected from whole cell extracts, 132 suggesting advances if efforts are directed towards specific organelles. There is no doubt that with the advent of continued fungal genome sequencing coupled with technological advances in gene manipulation and metabolite detection methodology, the characterization of novel fungal secondary metabolites will soar in the coming decade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 10. Epigenetic Approaches to Natural Product Synthesis in Fungi

Soukup¹,

Keller²

2012

Drug Discovery

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Fungal tyrosine betaine, a novel secondary metabolite from conidia of entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp. fungi

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Quantification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Induced by UVB Radiation in Conidia of the Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Metarhizium acridum and Metarhizium robertsii

Quantification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Induced by UVB Radiation in Conidia of the Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Metarhizium acridum and Metarhizium robertsii

Use of ¹ H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Measure Intracellular Metabolite Levels during Growth and Asexual Sporulation in Neurospora crassa

Chapter 10. Epigenetic Approaches to Natural Product Synthesis in Fungi

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Fungal tyrosine betaine, a novel secondary metabolite from conidia of entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp. fungi

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Quantification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Induced by UVB Radiation in Conidia of the Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Metarhizium acridum and Metarhizium robertsii

Quantification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers Induced by UVB Radiation in Conidia of the Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Metarhizium acridum and Metarhizium robertsii

Use of 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Measure Intracellular Metabolite Levels during Growth and Asexual Sporulation in Neurospora crassa

Chapter 10. Epigenetic Approaches to Natural Product Synthesis in Fungi

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Use of ¹ H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Measure Intracellular Metabolite Levels during Growth and Asexual Sporulation in Neurospora crassa