Fungal symbionts of the polyphagous and Kuroshio shot hole borers (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Euwallacea spp.) in California can support both ambrosia beetle systems on artificial media

Carrillo, Joseph Daniel; Dodge, Christine; Stouthamer, Richard; Eskalen, Akif

doi:10.1007/s13199-019-00652-0

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Weakening of xylem tissue in close proximity of the galleries permits development of the two other fungal symbionts of the PSHB that may survive in the killed dead sapwood for 1 year or even longer (Mendel et al, 2017). It appears that G. euwallacea that serves as a food source at the immature beetle stages may thrive in the galleries only after successful development of F. euwallacea (Freeman et al, 2019;Carrillo et al, 2020). Fusarium euwallacea, similar to many xylem fungi, displays a wide host range in contrast to other fungal pathogens of the same group, such as F. mangiferae that colonizes bud tissues of the tree (Freeman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Kostovcik et al, 2015) are more promiscuous in native areas, while in invaded areas this association is apparently limited and species specific. Carrillo et al (2020) showed that brood of the PSHB and KSHB developed well on their reciprocal fungal symbionts (including Graphium spp. ), although Freeman et al (2012) demonstrated that the PSHB brood could not develop on Fusarium ambrosium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Determines Host Range and Reproductive Performance of an Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea fornicatus; Lessons From Israel and California

Mendel

Lynch

Eskalen

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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This study examined the polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera; Scolytinae) native to Southeast Asia and concentrated on its wide host range in two of the invaded areas, California and Israel. Among the 583 examined tree species, 55.9% were characterized as “non-reproductive hosts” and only 13.8% were characterized as “reproductive hosts,” suitable for the E. fornicatus reproduction. Families that included ≥20 species and genera with ≥10 were considered for further analysis. The highest percentage of tree species suitable for reproduction was obtained for Salicaceae and Sapindaceae, whereas the lowest percentage of tree species belonging to this category were within the Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, and Magnoliaceae. The genera Acer, Quercus and Acacia displayed the highest percentage within the “reproductive host” category, with the former significantly higher from all seven of the studied genera. We found that all Brachychiton and Erythrina were attacked and none of the examined 20 Eucalyptus spp. were suitable for E. fornicatus reproduction. The results suggest discordance between host tree phylogeny and susceptibility to the E. fornicatus, indicating that trait correlation of susceptibility of different tree species to the E. fornicatus are the results of convergent evolution and not of a common descent. A theoretical model, suggesting the different possibilities of potential tree species becoming attractive or non-attractive to E. fornicatus attack, is described. It is suggested that the beetle reproduction success rate over a wide host range, as well as the long list of species belonging to the “non-reproductive host” category, is the outcome of interactions between the beetle fungal symbiont, F. euwallaceae, and sapwood of the attacked tree. The model suggests that a tree selected by the E. fornicatus may fall in one of three groups, (i) those in which F. euwallaceae is unable to develop, (ii) those tree species that slow the development of the fungus, and (iii) those that enable F. euwallaceae to thrive. Hence, the host range suitable for beetle reproduction is determined by development of F. euwallaceae. In general, PSHB does not distinguish between host species of the “non-reproductive host” and “reproductive host” categories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Determines Host Range and Reproductive Performance of an Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea fornicatus; Lessons From Israel and California

Mendel

Lynch

Eskalen

et al. 2021

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…This is in contrast to the promiscuous symbiosis observed in non-native areas ( O’Donnell et al, 2015 ; Stouthamer et al, 2017 ). Given that several exotic pest insects have switched or gained fungal associates after they were introduced into non-indigenous areas ( Carrillo et al, 2014 , 2019 , 2020 ), co-phylogenetic analyses were conducted to assess symbiont fidelity within the symbiosis ( O’Donnell et al, 2015 ). Recent studies have also shown that Euwallacea fornicatus (Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer) and E. kuroshio can survive and reproduce on each other’s symbiotic fungi in their invasive range on artificial media ( Carrillo et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ambrosia beetles are successful invaders ( Cognato et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2015 ; Stouthamer et al, 2017 ; Dzurenko et al, 2021 ) which exist in part due to their haplodiploid mating system, wide host range, and association with the primary ambrosia fungi, such as Fusarium species, which can act as both the nutritional symbionts and weak phytopathogens ( Kasson et al, 2013 ; O’Donnell et al, 2015 ). There were many differences in fungal symbionts, geographic range, host preference, and potential for symbiont switching in natural populations of these beetles ( Carrillo et al, 2019 , 2020 ). Fusarium symbionts of ambrosia beetles belong to the genus Euwallacea from the monophyletic group within clade 3 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Symbiotic Association Between Euwallacea Ambrosia Beetle and Fusarium Fungus on Fig Trees in Japan

2021

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Ficus carica plantations in Japan were first reported to be infested by an ambrosia beetle species, identified as Euwallacea interjectus, in 1996. The purpose of this study was to determine the symbiotic fungi of female adults of E. interjectus emerging from F. carica trees infected with fig wilt disease (FWD). Dispersal adults (51 females) of E. interjectus, which were collected from logs of an infested fig tree in Hiroshima Prefecture, Western Japan, were separated into three respective body parts (head, thorax, and abdomen) and used for fungal isolation. Isolated fungi were identified based on the morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. Over 13 species of associated fungi were detected, of which a specific fungus, Fusarium kuroshium, was dominant in female head (including oral mycangia). The plant-pathogenic fungus of FWD, Ceratocystis ficicola, was not observed within any body parts of E. interjectus. We further discussed the relationship among E. interjectus and its associated fungi in fig tree.

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“…A total of 36 single-female colonies were initiated for each temperature trial. Colonies were propagated in 50 mL centrifuge tubes containing sawdust-based artificial media, as described in Carrillo et al (2020), to promote the growth and development of ambrosia beetles and their symbiotic fungi. KSHB were originally collected live from Escondido, CA between the years 2014 and 2016, and subsequent generations were reared at the University of California, Riverside Insectary and Quarantine Facility.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on fecundity, development, and emergence of the invasive ambrosia beetle Euwallacea kuroshio (Coleoptera: Scolytinae)

Dodge

Stouthamer

2020

Agri and Forest Entomology

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The Kuroshio shot hole borer (KSHB) Euwallacea kuroshio is an invasive ambrosia beetle pest in Southern California, where it causes Fusarium dieback in a number of different host tree species. 2 Since its discovery in California in about 2014, the KSHB has established or been identified across a wide geographic range along the California coast, spanning north from the Mexican border to San Luis Obispo. 3 KSHB were reared at temperatures ranging from 16 to 32 ∘ C to determine the effect of temperature on development and emergence rates, brood size, and colonization success. 4 The highest total emergence and number of successful colonies occurred when KSHB was reared at 28 ∘ C. Mean days until first offspring emergence decreased as temperature increased up to 30 ∘ C, after which emergence ceased. 5 The thermal constant was estimated to be 318 degree-days. Using this approximation in conjunction with weather data from the California Irrigation Management Information System, we predict the annual number of generations of KSHB in several locations across its invasive range in California. Results can be used to predict the timing and number of generations in other invaded areas, as well as estimate the range of this pest.

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Fungal symbionts of the polyphagous and Kuroshio shot hole borers (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Euwallacea spp.) in California can support both ambrosia beetle systems on artificial media

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

What Determines Host Range and Reproductive Performance of an Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea fornicatus; Lessons From Israel and California

What Determines Host Range and Reproductive Performance of an Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Euwallacea fornicatus; Lessons From Israel and California

Novel Symbiotic Association Between Euwallacea Ambrosia Beetle and Fusarium Fungus on Fig Trees in Japan

Effect of temperature on fecundity, development, and emergence of the invasive ambrosia beetle Euwallacea kuroshio (Coleoptera: Scolytinae)

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