Fungal Strategies for Lignin Degradation

Soybean Straw, Corn Stover and Sunflower Stalk as Possible Substrates for Biogas Production in Croatia: A Review

“…27,29,87,88 Wood-rotting fungi that are commonly found in nature are among a number of organisms that can degrade lignocellulose components to various extents, and are generally grouped into soft-rot, brown-rot, and white-rot fungi. 89 White-rot fungi can degrade and mineralize all three major wood polymers: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, whereas lignin can be degraded extensively resulting in a bleached appearance of degraded wood. 90 This ability is due to the fact that white-rot fungi produce a variety of enzymes, such as lignin peroxidases, manganese-dependent peroxidases, and laccases that degrade the lignin.…”

Bioethanol: Feedstock Alternatives, Pretreatments, Lignin Chemistry, and the Potential for Green Value-Added Lignin Co-Products

“…LiP performs single-electron oxidations resulting in two distinct conformational states [15,119,131]. [119]. Mn 3+ is a highly oxidative cation that cleaves phenolic compounds, particularly syringyl and vinyl substituted sidechains [29].…”

“…Unlike other cellulases, which act via hydrolysis, cellobiose dehydrogenases produce H 2 O 2 and oxidize cellobiose to reduce Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ or Cu 2+ to Cu + [33]. Then, reactions between H 2 O 2 and the reduced metals produce hydroxyl radicals facilitating the depolymerization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [33,[117][118][119]. CDHs also reduce phenol radicals preventing the association of lignin monomers and inhibiting polymerization of lignin [116,119,120].…”

“…Then, reactions between H 2 O 2 and the reduced metals produce hydroxyl radicals facilitating the depolymerization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [33,[117][118][119]. CDHs also reduce phenol radicals preventing the association of lignin monomers and inhibiting polymerization of lignin [116,119,120]. CDHs also reduce quinones to hydroxylated compounds thus preventing the repolymerization of quinones into lignin [120].…”

“…LiP catalyzes the oxidation of non-phenolic methoxylated aromatic rings [128][129][130] generating cation radicals that induce a variety of reactions, including: the cleavage of C α -C β bonds, cleavage of aromatic ring structures, β-O-4 cleavage, and the formation of aldehydes and/or ketones [119,127,129]. LiP performs single-electron oxidations resulting in two distinct conformational states [15,119,131]. [119].…”