Fungal spores within sporophytes of<i>Gymnostomum viridulum</i>

Eckstein, Jan; Döbbeler, Peter

doi:10.1179/174328207x227393

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The spores of an unnamed fungus of uncertain systematic position without fruit bodies and unknown hyphal features supplant the sporophytic tissue still enclosed in the calyptra. As in Eocronartium and the perianthicolous species the leafy plant does not reveal any symptoms of fungal attack (Eckstein and Döbbeler 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperepiphyllous, perianthicolous Hypocreales—highly specialized ascomycetes of the phyllosphere

Döbbeler

2010

Mycologia

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Five species of perithecial ascomycetes obligately infect the developing sporophytes of epiphyllous hepatics (Marchantiophyta, Porellales, Lejeuneaceae and Radulales, Radulaceae) while they are still enclosed by the calyptra and the perianth. These ascomycetes belong to the Hypocreales, which are especially well represented among the hyperepiphyllous fungi. The small and mostly brightly colored ascomata arise within the perianths and perforate its walls to discharge the ascospores. Conidiomata may be present as well. Colonization of the perianths prevents normal sporophyte development, sometimes causing deformities, while the foliose gametophyte remains unaltered. The fungus simultaneously can behave biotrophically toward the gametophyte and necrotrophically toward the sporophyte. Host fertility may be considerably reduced. Anthonectria mammispora is described as a new unispecific genus and Ticonectria testudinea as a new species. Ticonectria testudinea and presumably other species attack the region of the gametophyte-sporophyte junction including the transfer cells. The perianth-inhabiting fungi occupy one of the most distinct and nutrient-rich microniches in bryophytes. They are sex- and organ-specific and seem to be restricted to certain hosts but are not poor in characters as are many bryophilous fungi. These species increase the complexity of the phyllosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperepiphyllous, perianthicolous Hypocreales—highly specialized ascomycetes of the phyllosphere

Döbbeler

2010

Mycologia

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Study on the formation mechanism of ornamentation patterns in spores and pollen as revealed by finite element method

YANG

Yang

Wang

2022

Preprint

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Spores (especially fungal and plant spores) and pollen usually adopt an approximately spheroidal shape and are characterized by variable and distinct ornamentation patterns. However, the mechanisms responsible for the formation of these patterns have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, spores and pollen were simplified into spheroidal core/shell systems. By using finite element method (FEM), the anisotropic stress-driven wrinkles on the systems were evaluated under different ratios of equatorial/polar radii and ratios of effective size/exine thickness, which were in comparison with spore and pollen ornamentation patterns of given species under electron microscopy. We demonstrated that anisotropic stress-driven wrinkles can reproduce various anisotropic patterns of spores and pollen from a mechanical point of view, suggesting that stress is definitely the primary determinant of ornamentation. The ratio of equatorial/polar radii and the ratio of effective size/exine thickness mainly govern the ornamentation patterns. This study provided new insights into the formation and evolution of spores and pollen ornamentation patterns in nature.

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Fungal spores within sporophytes ofGymnostomum viridulum

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Hyperepiphyllous, perianthicolous Hypocreales—highly specialized ascomycetes of the phyllosphere

Hyperepiphyllous, perianthicolous Hypocreales—highly specialized ascomycetes of the phyllosphere

Study on the formation mechanism of ornamentation patterns in spores and pollen as revealed by finite element method

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