Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Ancient Toxins and Novel Effectors in Plant–Microbe Interactions

Collemare, Jérôme; Lebrun, Marc‐Henri

doi:10.1002/9781119949138.ch15

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Because these cells initially remain alive, such molecules are probably not toxins and may instead function in host manipulation, similar The P values were calculated using a onesided Fisher's exact test and represent the probability of observing the number of significantly induced genes for a specific category during a transition given the total number of significantly induced genes during that transition (log2 fold change >2, P < 0.05) and the total number of genes in the category. npg l e t t e r s to protein effectors 27 . Remarkably, the C. higginsianum secondary metabolism gene cluster with the strongest activation at this stage was silent in C. graminicola at all the infection stages we examined (Fig.…”

Section: E T T E R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses

et al. 2012

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Colletotrichum species are fungal pathogens that devastate crop plants worldwide. Host infection involves the differentiation of specialized cell types that are associated with penetration, growth inside living host cells (biotrophy) and tissue destruction (necrotrophy). We report here genome and transcriptome analyses of Colletotrichum higginsianum infecting Arabidopsis thaliana and Colletotrichum graminicola infecting maize. Comparative genomics showed that both fungi have large sets of pathogenicity-related genes, but families of genes encoding secreted effectors, pectin-degrading enzymes, secondary metabolism enzymes, transporters and peptidases are expanded in C. higginsianum. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that these genes are transcribed in successive waves that are linked to pathogenic transitions: effectors and secondary metabolism enzymes are induced before penetration and during biotrophy, whereas most hydrolases and transporters are upregulated later, at the switch to necrotrophy. Our findings show that preinvasion perception of plant-derived signals substantially reprograms fungal gene expression and indicate previously unknown functions for particular fungal cell types

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Section: E T T E R Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses

et al. 2012

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“…Already known avirulence genes and genes involved in host selective toxin production provide a basis to search genome-wide for candidate effectors according to the following features: genes encoding small secreted proteins (SSP) and clusters of genes involved in secondary metabolite (SM) production that show an increase in expression during plant infection [1,2]. Effectors are considered to be key elements of pathogenesis and symbiosis, by providing a mechanism for the fungus to circumvent host recognition, impede defense reactions and facilitate host invasion [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin-based control of effector gene expression in plant-associated fungi

Soyer

Rouxel

Fudal

2015

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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“…The vast majority of HSTs and non-HSTs are low molecular weight SMs (Collemare & Lebrun, 2011) and different species of Dothideomycetes produce different profiles of SMs that are dispensable for growth. Based on their chemical structure, SMs are mostly classified as polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, alkaloids, terpenes, or metabolites of mixed biosynthetic origin (Collemare & Lebrun, 2011). SM non-HSTs and HSTs produced by fungi during infection of the host can be important determinants of pathogenicity or virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic secondary metabolites and peptides produced by plant pathogenicDothideomycetefungi

Stergiopoulos¹,

Collemare²,

Mehrabi³

et al. 2013

FEMS Microbiol Rev

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161

100

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Many necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi belonging to the class of Dothideomycetes produce phytotoxic metabolites and peptides that are usually required for pathogenicity. Phytotoxins that affect a broad range of plant species are known as non-host-specific toxins (non-HSTs), whereas HSTs affect only a particular plant species or more often genotypes of that species. For pathogens producing HSTs, pathogenicity and host specificity are largely defined by the ability to produce the toxin, while plant susceptibility is dependent on the presence of the toxin target. Non-HSTs are not the main determinants of pathogenicity but contribute to virulence of the producing pathogen. Dothideomycetes are remarkable for the production of toxins, particularly HSTs because they are the only fungal species known so far to produce them. The synthesis, regulation, and mechanisms of action of the most important HSTs and non-HSTs will be discussed. Studies on the mode of action of HSTs have highlighted the induction of programed cell death (PCD) as an important mechanism. We discuss HST-induced PCD and the plant hypersensitive response upon recognition of avirulence factors that share common pathways. In this respect, although nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich repeat types of resistance proteins mediate resistance against biotrophs, they can also contribute to susceptibility toward necrotrophs.

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Fungal Secondary Metabolites: Ancient Toxins and Novel Effectors in Plant–Microbe Interactions

Cited by 38 publications

References 128 publications

Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses

Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses

Chromatin-based control of effector gene expression in plant-associated fungi

Phytotoxic secondary metabolites and peptides produced by plant pathogenicDothideomycetefungi

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