Fungal root endophytes ofQuercus robursubjected to flooding

Abstract

Summary In August 2011, fungal endophytes were isolated from fine (0.1–0.5 cm diameter) and structural (0.6–2.0 cm) roots from eighteen Q. robur trees at six sites in a Q. robur‐dominated forest displaying symptoms of oak decline. Five sites were subjected to periodic flooding for 3 months in 1997 and 1 month in 2010. Fungal colonization was detected in 94% of 1296 root fragments examined. Fungi representing 126 taxa from Zygomycota (four species), Ascomycota (117 species) and Basidiomycota (five species) were isolated using culture‐based methods and identified by morphotyping and sequencing of the ITS 1 and 2 rDNA. The most frequent eudominants (with colonization frequencies ≥10%) were Aspergillus spp., Cosmospora sp., Ilyonectria radicicola, Pezicula radicicola, Pyrenochaeta cava and six species of Trichoderma. Species composition did not vary greatly between sites, but only 3% of species occurred in all sites. Number of species was higher in roots subjected to floods. Eudominants and dominants present only on flooded sites included Aspergillus spp., Chaetomium globosum, Cosmospora sp., I. radicicola, Sporothrix inflata, Trichoderma harzianum, T. pubescens and T. virens. Structural roots were usually colonized by a higher number of species than fine roots. The majority of species detected belong to Class 2 NC‐endophytes. Pezicula radicicola and Phialocephala fortinii belong to Class 4 NC‐endophytes.

Pedunculate Oaks (Quercus robur L.) Differing in Vitality as Reservoirs for Fungal Biodiversity

“…In addition, the taxonomic richness was lowest in the xylem of high vitality oaks. Similar results were found in the roots of oaks stressed by floods ( Kwaśna et al, 2016 ). Venn diagrams and similarity indices revealed that while most MTs were shared in both tissues and all vitality classes, their abundance could differ substantially.…”

“…Based on earlier studies ( Martín et al, 2013 ), we expected this pattern to be stronger in xylem than in bark tissues. We tested our hypothesis by studying the culturable endophytes in bark and xylem of pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.), a common tree species both in woodlands and green spaces, with relatively well characterized endophyte communities ( Petrini and Fisher, 1990 ; Kehr and Wulf, 1993 ; Sieber et al, 1995 ; Ragazzi et al, 2003 ; Gonthier et al, 2006 ; Kwaśna et al, 2016 ). The results are discussed with emphasis on the importance of endophytes for tree health and biodiversity conservation in urban and peri-urban settings.…”

Fungal diversity of marine biofilms on artificial reefs in the north-central Gulf of Mexico

“…A two-way crossed ANOSIM performed on the same Bray-Curtis similarity matrix revealed a between-longitudinal R = 0.483 with p < 0.001 and a between-time R = 0.939 with p < 0.001. Cluster analyses and NMDS were used to help elucidate 2-D Kwaśna et al, 2016. NMDS (stress 0.19) T-RF patterns from all reef subsites at all sampling time periods (Figure 4). NMDS plots depicted fungal T-RF community similarity patterns that occurred with sampling time periods and patterns shown by individual reefs and longitudinal positions in the MS Sound.…”

Effects of Seedling Age on Colonization Patterns of Citrus limon Plants by Endophytic Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae and Their Influence on Seedlings Growth

“…However, aside from the reports of B. bassiana in cocoa by Posada and Vega [33]; Posada et al [34] B. bassiana in radiata pine by Brownbridge et al [35], Lecanicillium sp. and B. bassiana in date palm by Gómez-Vidal et al [36], B. bassiana in coffee by Posada et al [37], Clonostachys rosea in oak tree by Kwaśna et al [38], and B. bassiana in horse-chestnut trees by Barta [39], studies on artificial inoculation of entomopathogenic fungi in tree crops are still scanty. Citrus limon and the rest of other citrus species are fruit crops of huge economic importance around the world in lieu of their popularity, availability, nutritional value, contribution to foreign exchange, and industrialization [40].…”