Fungal pericarditis and endocarditis secondary to porcupine quill migration in a dog

Costa, Ana Flávia; Lahmers, Sunshine; Barry, Sabrina L.; Stanton, James B.; Stern, Joshua A.

doi:10.1016/j.jvc.2014.09.003

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Another report on thoracic, including intra-cardiac, migration of quills, reported that they exhibited a soft tissue attenuation (HU not given) that made detection difficult, and thus a quill within a cardiac chamber was missed (Guevara et al 2015 ). A third report (Costa et al 2014 ) also could not detect an intra-cardiac quill. Although not mentioned in any of the three studies, it would appear from all the post-mortem images of the quills that they were unpigmented, whilst our quill was entirely black, and it would be interesting to speculate whether the pigments could alter the measured HU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The authors believe these radial keratin structures are what could be seen as multiple hyperechoic lines within the quill. Echocardiography appears to be a good modality for detecting intra-cardiac migratory quills, but few cases have been described (Costa et al 2014 ; Guevara et al 2015 ; Nucci & Liptak 2016 ). Ultrasound imaging is obviously limited by bone or air interfaces (Mattoon & Nyland 2015 ), with further visualisation of the cranial quill in our case not being possible, despite being suggestive of vertebral canal location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cervical porcupine quill foreign body involving the spinal cord of a dog: A description of various imaging modality findings

Roux

Venter

Kirberger

2017

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Although porcupine quill injuries are common in dogs, the detailed appearance of the quill on diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging has not been sufficiently described. A 4-year-old, intact, female Jack Russel terrier presented with severe neck pain and ataxia after an altercation with a porcupine 2 weeks earlier. Radiology, diagnostic ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were all utilised to identify a quill imbedded in the cervical vertebral canal and cervical musculature and were compared to each other. Surgical removal of the quill, guided by imaging findings, led to the resolution of the clinical signs in the patient. Previous ultrasound imaging reports have just stated that the quill consists of paralell hyperechoic lines, and do not mention the finer hyperechoic lines inbetween and do not try to provide a reason for the appearance. Previous computed tomography (CT) reports just mention identifying the quill on CT images (whether or not CT could identify the fragments), but do not go into detail about the attenuating appearance of the quill nor try to relate this to the composition of the quill. This is to the authors’ knowledge the first report with detailed imaging descriptions of a case of cranial cervical vertebral canal porcupine quill foreign body in a dog. This is also the first report to allude to a possible difference in imaging findings related to quill structure because of keratin orientation and melanin content. The ideal imaging modality to use remains elusive, but ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging could all identify the quill.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical porcupine quill foreign body involving the spinal cord of a dog: A description of various imaging modality findings

Roux

Venter

Kirberger

2017

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…The presence of intrathoracic foreign bodies, resulting from a penetrating thoracic injury [ 5 , 8 , 11 , 15 , 19 , 20 ], migration of an implant such as a Kirschner wire [ 6 , 10 ], or migration of a foreign body from the respiratory [ 2 ] or gastrointestinal tract [ 4 , 12 , 13 , 23 , 26 ], is not often reported in small animals. Wooden foreign bodies such as kebab or popsicle sticks are often ingested by dogs because of their palatability, and given their length and sharply pointed ends, can easily migrate from the gastrointestinal tract.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pyothorax induced by an intrathoracic foreign body in a miniature dachshund: Migration of a popsicle stick from the stomach

Choi

Han

2017

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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A four-year-old dachshund presented with a two-week history of pyrexia, depression, and cough. Four months earlier, the owner observed the dog swallow a whole popsicle stick, but the animal showed no clinical signs at that time. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography confirmed an intrathoracic linear foreign body and pleural effusion in the right thorax. The pleural fluid was bloody and purulent, and contained inflammatory cells and Escherichia coli. The dog was diagnosed with pyothorax induced by a foreign body, and was treated successfully by surgical removal of the foreign body, partial lung lobectomy, thoracic lavage, and antibiotics. The foreign body was identified as a popsicle stick that the dog had eaten.

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“…Given that infection with L. elongisporus occurs most commonly in immunosuppressed patients, it is possible that the previous injuries debilitated this porcupine, making it more susceptible to infection with L. elongisporus 8 . The report of a porcupine quill leading to L. elongisporus infection in a dog, as well as this report of dermatitis due to the same organism, raises the possibility that Lodderomyces may be found with some regularity in porcupines or may even be part of their normal skin flora 9 . Further studies would be necessary to determine if Lodderomyces is routinely present on porcupine quills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…and was confirmed to be L. elongisporus via PCR. The infection was successfully treated with a four month course of fluconazole 9 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional alopecia and dermatitis due to Lodderomyces elongisporus in a North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)

Clair

Hopf

Peters‐Kennedy

et al. 2020

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Lodderomyces elongisporus is a yeast with a worldwide distribution that has been reported as a cause of infection in immunocompromised humans and in a dog that had been quilled by a porcupine. Objectives The objective of this report is to describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of dermatitis caused by L. elongisporus in a North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum). Animal One wild adult male North American porcupine from New York state, USA. Methods and materials The porcupine was presented for alopecia and scaling dermatitis over the caudal dorsum. Diagnostic testing included cytological evaluation, trichogram, bacterial and fungal culture, and histopathological examination of skin biopsies. Results Histopathological findings from skin specimens demonstrated mild eosinophilic perivascular‐to‐interstitial dermatitis with superficial dermal fibrosis, mild epidermal hyperplasia with moderate‐to‐marked intracorneal and intrafollicular yeast. Fungal culture with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization confirmed L. elongisporus as the cause of the dermatitis. The porcupine was treated with a six week course of oral itraconazole with clinical resolution. Clinical relevance Infection with L. elongisporus should be included as a differential diagnosis for North American porcupines exhibiting signs of dermatitis including scaling and alopecia. This case report may be relevant for the diagnosis and treatment of porcupines with dermatitis and for animals or humans that have been quilled by a porcupine.

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Fungal pericarditis and endocarditis secondary to porcupine quill migration in a dog

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Cervical porcupine quill foreign body involving the spinal cord of a dog: A description of various imaging modality findings

Cervical porcupine quill foreign body involving the spinal cord of a dog: A description of various imaging modality findings

Pyothorax induced by an intrathoracic foreign body in a miniature dachshund: Migration of a popsicle stick from the stomach

Regional alopecia and dermatitis due to Lodderomyces elongisporus in a North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)

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