Fungal pathogens infecting moss green roofs in Finland

Marttinen, Eeva; Niemi-Kapee, Juhamatti; Laaka‐Lindberg, Sanna; Valkonen, Jari P. T.

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126812

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A diverse range of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea , Phytophthora infestans, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , Altenaria brassicicola , Fusarium spp. ( Akita et al., 2011 ; Ponce de León, 2011 ; Lehtonen et al., 2012 ; Ponce De León et al., 2012 ; Reboledo et al., 2015 ; Bressendorff et al., 2016 ; Overdijk et al., 2016 ; Marttinen et al., 2020 ), the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum ( Andersson et al., 2005 ; Ponce de León et al., 2007 ), the oomycete Pythium ( Oliver et al., 2009 ; Castro et al., 2016 ) have been shown to infect P. patens . Using quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic analysis along with infection with Pectobacterium carotovorum and Fusarium solani , we studied the role of three PpRALF peptides from the model bryophyte Physcomitrium patens in the immune stress response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RALF peptides modulate immune response in the moss Physcomitrium patens

et al. 2023

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BackgroundRAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALFs) are cysteine-rich peptides that regulate multiple physiological processes in plants. This peptide family has considerably expanded during land plant evolution, but the role of ancient RALFs in modulating stress responses is unknown.Results: Here, we used the moss Physcomitrium patens as a model to gain insight into the role of RALF peptides in the coordination of plant growth and stress response in non-vascular plants. The quantitative proteomic analysis revealed concerted downregulation of M6 metalloprotease and some membrane proteins, including those involved in stress response, in PpRALF1, 2 and 3 knockout (KO) lines. The subsequent analysis revealed the role of PpRALF3 in growth regulation under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, implying the importance of RALFs in responding to various adverse conditions in bryophytes. We found that knockout of the PpRALF2 and PpRALF3 genes resulted in increased resistance to bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Fusarium solani, suggesting the role of these peptides in negative regulation of the immune response in P. patens. Comparing the transcriptomes of PpRALF3 KO and wild-type plants infected by F. solani showed that the regulation of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and those involved in cell wall modification and biogenesis was different in these two genotypes.ConclusionThus, our study sheds light on the function of the previously uncharacterized PpRALF3 peptide and gives a clue to the ancestral functions of RALF peptides in plant stress response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RALF peptides modulate immune response in the moss Physcomitrium patens

et al. 2023

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“…We suspect that many key fungal taxa respond quickly to the different environmental conditions by altering their lifestyle. For example, Marttinen et al [79] identified fungal isolates from brown, necrotic parts of mosses on green roofs and inoculated them to spreading earthmoss (Physcomitrella patens) to investigate pathogenicity. Amongst the most pathogenic fungal strains were species within Trichoderma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Roof Substrate Microbes: Stress-Tolerant Communities Characterized by the Aeromicrobiome?

Van Dijck,

Stevens,

Steenaerts

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Extensive green roofs provide for many ecosystem services in urban environments. The efficacy of these services is influenced by the substrate characteristics and vegetational composition. Despite their key role in plant performance and productivity, or their contribution to nitrogen fixation or carbon sequestration, green roof microbial communities have received little attention so far. Here, we investigated whether microbial communities in extensive green roof substrates contain a core community, as well as whether they are affected by green roof plant diversity. Eleven green roofs, planted either with a mixture of grasses, wildflowers and succulents (Sedum spp.), or solely species of Sedum, were seasonally sampled to investigate prokaryotic and fungal communities via metabarcoding. Although Sedum-herbs-grasses roofs contained more plant species, we observed no discriminant microbial communities between both roof types, likely due to sharing the same substrate textures and the vegetational layers that became more similar throughout time. Examining key microbial taxa revealed that most taxa are also dominant phylotypes in soils across different biomes. Many bacterial core taxa are capable of nitrogen fixation and most fungal key taxa are stress-tolerant saprotrophs, endophytes, or both. Microbial community composition further revealed high similarities with aerial samples taken in urban environments. Considering the extreme edaphic conditions that periodically arise in green roof substrates, further investigation is warranted to determine the extent to which the dynamic and intriguing microbial communities are influenced by the aeromicrobiome.

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“…Although we did not see changes in AM fungi over time, the relative abundance of plant pathogens decreased over time (Figure 5 ), contrary to what prior research has shown in other ecosystems (Van der Putten et al, 2013 ). This an important finding as green roofs are often planted as monocultures, which can leave a plant community susceptible to pathogen accumulation (Diez et al, 2010 ; Li et al, 2014 ; Marttinen et al, 2020 ; Tamura et al, 2019 ). We examined a wide variety of roofs containing both native and nonnative species, in somewhat novel soil conditions, which may have ultimately discouraged the survival of plant‐specific pathogens and prevented the buildup of plant pathogens over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These soil functions are dependent on fungi (Briones, 2014 ), which fill a variety of roles including plant mutualists, disease‐causing pathogens, and plant litter decomposers (Scheu et al, 2005 ). Despite studies showing that fungi can impact green roof health and function (Fulthorpe et al, 2018 ; John et al, 2014 , 2017 ; Marttinen et al, 2020 ; Young et al, 2015 ), there is a lack of research on drivers of microbial diversity on green roofs (Fulthorpe et al, 2018 ). In fact, Bousselot et al ( 2020 ) recently identified microbial populations in the substrate and their responses in the green roof system as a key gap in green roof research in need of addressing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of fungal diversity and community biogeography differ between green roofs and adjacent ground‐level green space

Droz

Coffman

Eagar

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiology

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Green roof soils are usually engineered for purposes other than urban biodiversity, which may impact their fungal communities, and in turn impact the health of plants in the urban ecosystem. We examined the drivers of fungal diversity and community composition in soil of green roofs and adjacent ground-level green spaces in three Midwestern USA cities-Chicago, Cleveland, and Minneapolis. Overall, fungal communities on green roofs were more diverse than ground-level green spaces and were correlated with plant cover (positively) and roof age (negatively) rather than abiotic soil properties. Fungal community composition was distinct between roof and ground environments, among cities, and between sampling sites, but green roofs and their immediately surrounding ground-level green space showed some similarity. This suggests dispersal limitation may result in geographic structuring at large spatial scales, but dispersal between roofs and their neighbouring sites may be occurring. Different fungal taxonomic and functional groups were better explained when roofs were classified either by depth (extensive or intensive) or functional intent of the roof design (i.e. stormwater/energy, biodiversity, or aesthetics/recreation). Our results demonstrate that green roofs are an important reservoir of fungal diversity in the urban landscape, which should be considered in future green roof design.

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Fungal pathogens infecting moss green roofs in Finland

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

RALF peptides modulate immune response in the moss Physcomitrium patens

RALF peptides modulate immune response in the moss Physcomitrium patens

Green Roof Substrate Microbes: Stress-Tolerant Communities Characterized by the Aeromicrobiome?

Drivers of fungal diversity and community biogeography differ between green roofs and adjacent ground‐level green space

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