Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact

Baumgardner, Dennis J

doi:10.17294/2330-0698.1418

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…The chronic infectious disease in the family members began with the hidden infections of their pets. There are more similar reports in the literature (Murmu et al 2015;Debnath et al 2016;Baumgardner 2017;Pasquetti et al 2017;Graser et al 2018;Neves et al 2018;Gnat et al 2018b). They demonstrate that the tendency towards keeping domestic animals and the possibility of asymptomatic infections in pets have an impact on the growing prevalence of dermatophytoses.…”

Section: Problems In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Dermatophytosesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In this case, they may become a source of epidemics (Kakande et al 2019). Additionally, when the transmission onto a human takes place, zoophilic and geophilic species cause acute mycoses with strongly expressed symptoms of inflammatory response (Baumgardner 2017;Fike et al 2018;Pereira et al 2018;Vanam et al 2019;Gnat et al 2019f).…”

Section: Problems In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Dermatophytosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

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Dermatophytes are the aetiological factors of a majority of superficial fungal infections. What distinguishes them from other pathogenic filamentous fungi is their unique ability to degrade keratin. The remarkable ability of this group of fungi to survive in different ecosystems results from their morphological and ecological diversity as well as high adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Paradoxically, despite the progress in medicine, the prevalence of dermatophyte infections is increasing from year to year. At the beginning of the third millennium, practical diagnostic and therapeutic options are still very limited. This review focuses on understanding the major problems in this aspect of dermatophyte infections and indicates future strategies and perspectives for novel approaches to identification and drugs for elimination of dermatophytes. Particular importance is placed on development of a strategy for a diagnostic pathway and implementation of rapid and reliable diagnostics methods designed by international teams. Furthermore, among compounds that currently arouse great interest, representatives of terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and essential oils deserve attention. Many of these compounds are undergoing clinical trials as potential antifungal agents, and future research should focus on attempts at determination of the applicability of tested substances. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages in implementation of new diagnostic paths and medicinal substances for routine use are indicated. Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Section: Problems In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Dermatophytosesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Problems In Diagnosis and Treatment Of Dermatophytosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

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“…The azoles are used extensively because they are significantly less expensive than other antifungal treatments and their overall antimycotic activity is relatively broad spectrum [ 6 ]. Azole drugs are used in: (1) treatment and prophylaxis of livestock (e.g., ringworm in cattle, aspergillosis in poultry, oomycete infections in aquaculture [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], (2) treatment in veterinary medicine (e.g., pets and zoo animals) [ 11 , 12 ], (3) crop protection (e.g., mildews and rusts of grains, fruits, vegetables), (4) plant protection (e.g., leaf spot on flowers, scrubs and trees, including the timber industry) [ 4 ], (5) protection of buildings (e.g., antifouling coatings) [ 13 ], (f) cosmetic and hygiene products [ 14 ], and (6) prophylaxis and treatment in medicine [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol 14α-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Rosam

Monk

Lackner

2020

JoF

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The fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase (SDM) is a key enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. The binding of azoles to the active site of SDM results in a depletion of ergosterol, the accumulation of toxic intermediates and growth inhibition. The prevalence of azole-resistant strains and fungi is increasing in both agriculture and medicine. This can lead to major yield loss during food production and therapeutic failure in medical settings. Diverse mechanisms are responsible for azole resistance. They include amino acid (AA) substitutions in SDM and overexpression of SDM and/or efflux pumps. This review considers AA affecting the ligand-binding pocket of SDMs with a primary focus on substitutions that affect interactions between the active site and the substrate and inhibitory ligands. Some of these interactions are particularly important for the binding of short-tailed azoles (e.g., voriconazole). We highlight the occurrence throughout the fungal kingdom of some key AA substitutions. Elucidation of the role of these AAs and their substitutions may assist drug design in overcoming some common forms of innate and acquired azole resistance.

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“…Dermatologists and veterinarians have difficulties in making a diagnosis based only on observed symptoms of fungal infections, as they mimic symptoms of other dermatoses (Baumgardner 2017;Łagowski et al 2019a). Therefore, unambiguous and timely laboratory mycological diagnostics seems to be irreplaceable in each case of dermatomycoses (Verrier and Monod 2017;Diongue et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and identification of dermatophytes based on currently available methods – a comparative study

Gnat

Łagowski

Nowakiewicz

et al. 2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Aims: Accurate identification of dermatophytes is essential for implementing appropriate antifungal treatment and epidemiological analysis. However, the limitations of conventional diagnostics are a frequently discussed topic, and new diagnostic techniques are constantly expanding. In this study, we assess the suitability of conventional diagnostic techniques in comparison to the realtime PCR assay and MALDI-TOF MS in detection and identification of dermatophytes. Methods and Results: Strains included in this study were obtained from human and animals with symptomatic, and asymptomatic infection. A direct examination revealed that 31Á7 and 60Á9% of samples from symptomatic patients, and 25Á7 and 60% from asymptomatic animals were positive, as shown by light and fluorescence microscopy respectively. In turn, dermatophytes were isolated from 90Á2 and 71Á4% of these samples. The pandermatophyte primers in real-time PCR assay facilitated detection in 85Á3 and 82Á9% of the symptomatic and asymptomatic dermatophytoses respectively. Additionally, species-specific PCR assays were positive in 70Á7 and 37Á1% of these samples. The MALDI-TOF MS analysis yielded positive results consistent with conventional techniques in 97Á2 and 72% of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections respectively. Conclusions: Our study revealed that there is no universal diagnostic method that would be ideal in each of the cases considered. Nonetheless, conventional techniques are still the most effective and reliable tools for mycological diagnostics. Significance and Impact of the Study: Dermatologists and veterinarians have difficulties in making a diagnosis of dermatophytoses based only on observed symptoms of fungal infections, as they mimic symptoms of other dermatoses. In this context, a comparative analysis of the results of diagnostics performed using conventional methods and new technologies are crucial for implementing these pioneer methods into routine laboratory practice.

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Fungal Infections From Human and Animal Contact

Abstract: Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews ( JPCRR) is a peerreviewed scientific journal whose mission is to communicate clinical and bench research findings, with the goal of improving the quality of human health, the care of the individual patient, and the care of populations.

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Sterol 14α-Demethylase Ligand-Binding Pocket-Mediated Acquired and Intrinsic Azole Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Detection and identification of dermatophytes based on currently available methods – a comparative study

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