Fungal Endophyte Diversity in Sarracenia

Glenn, Anthony E.; Bodri, Michael S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032980

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Co-existence of bacteria, yeasts, and archaea in carnivorous pitcher fluids has been reported [14,20,23], suggesting their cooperative roles participating in the complex biochemical processes in this ecosystem. Bacteria represent a key microbial group with vital activities in nutrient recycling as well as other biochemical activities in the pitcher fluids of various carnivorous plants [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The first survey on isolation of microbes from Nepenthes pitcher fluid was dated back in 1918 [21], and since then, a number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms from various pitcher plants have been isolated and characterized [22,23]. Given the unculturable nature of many of these microbes, particularly in extreme environments, cultureindependent molecular approaches have been employed to reveal the hidden structures of uncultured microbial communities in this unique environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pitchers are specialized digestive organs of carnivorous plants which evolved for trapping prey and represent a unique environment harboring hidden diversity of unexplored microbes forming transient hydrolytic microcosms. In this study, the diversity of bacterial communities in the pitcher fluids of seven local Nepenthes found in Thailand was assessed by tagged 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing on an Ion PGM™ platform. A total of 1,101,000 filtered sequences were obtained which were taxonomically classified into 20 phyla, 48 classes, 72 orders, 153 families, and 442 genera while the remainder (1.43 %) could not be assigned to any existing taxa. Proteobacteria represented the predominant members in closed pitchers and more diversified bacterial taxa particularly Bacteriodetes and Actinobacteria, showed increasing abundance in open pitchers containing insect bodies. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that distribution of bacterial taxa was not significantly related to the Nepenthes species but strongly correlated to the pH of the pitcher fluids (pH 1.7-6.7). Acidicella was a highly dominant bacterial genus in acidic pitcher fluids while Dyella and Mycobacterium were also common genera in most pitchers. A unique microbial community structure was found in Nepenthes ampullaria which could reflect their adaptation to digest leaf litter, in addition to insect prey. The work revealed the highly unexplored nature of bacterial microcosms in Nepenthes pitcher fluids and provides insights into their community structure in this unique ecological system.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Association of microbial communities in the internal environment of carnivorous or insectivorous plants has received attention only in the last few decades. Both culture dependent and culture independent studies have established the occurrence of endophytic bacteria and fungi in these spectacular plants [24][25][26][27][28]. While preliminary reports on antimicrobial activities of fungal endophytes of N. mirabilis and N. ampullaris [12] and the bacterial endophytes of Drosera and Utricularia [14,15] have recently been published, no in depth studies on their metabolites have been undertaken so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Potential Antimicrobial Metabolite From Endophytic Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Dl06 of Carnivorous Plant Drosera Burmannii Vahl.

Chaudhuri¹,

Ak²,

Pal³

2021

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Exploitation of bacterial endophytes for production of antimicrobial substances has led to the discovery of novel natural metabolites of diverse chemical nature. The present study focuses attention toward optimization of cultural conditions for production of antimicrobial compound(s) by an endophytic bacterium DL06 followed by its extraction and partial purification. Methods: The leaf endophytic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DL06 (GenBank Accession no. MK696415, Microbial Culture Collection Accession no. 4186) isolated from carnivorous plant Drosera burmannii has been identified as a potent producer of antimicrobial metabolite following agar cup assay against several test bacterial and fungal strains. Cultural conditions for production of antimicrobials were optimized by “one variable at a time” method. The active fraction was isolated and purified partially using solvent extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results: B. amyloliquefaciens DL06 produced maximum antimicrobial compound in tryptic soy broth and Davis–Mingioli’s medium when grown under shake culture. Production of the antimicrobial metabolite has been optimized for the inoculum density, aeration, temperature, pH as well as carbon, and nitrogen sources. The antimicrobial metabolite was extracted from the cell-free culture filtrate in butanol and partially purified by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. Conclusions: The antimicrobial metabolite, tentatively identified as quercetin showed broad spectrum bioactivity affecting several fungi and a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

show abstract

“…Fungal endophytes have been isolated from several Sarracenia and Nepenthes species [ 49 , 50 ] and among them, Aspergillus , Colletotrichum , Meyerozyma , Penicillium and Trichoderma represent some of the genera detected in the present study. Meyerozyma guilliermondii is phosphate-solubilizing yeast which promotes nutrient uptake in maize and lettuce and provides protection against fungal pathogens [ 51 ]. This evidence points to the existence of a symbiotic relationship between N. khasiana and fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitchers of Nepenthes khasiana express several digestive-enzyme encoding genes, harbor mostly fungi and probably evolved through changes in the expression of leaf polarity genes

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background A structural phenomenon seen in certain lineages of angiosperms that has captivated many scholars including Charles Darwin is the evolution of plant carnivory. Evidently, these structural features collectively termed carnivorous syndrome, evolved to aid nutritional acquisition from attracted, captured and digested prey. We now understand why plant carnivory evolved but how carnivorous plants acquired these attributes remains a mystery. In an attempt to understand the evolution of Nepenthes pitcher and to shed more light on its role in prey digestion, we analyzed the transcriptome data of the highly specialized Nepenthes khasiana leaf comprising the leaf base lamina, tendril and the different parts/zones of the pitcher tube viz. digestive zone, waxy zone and lid. Results In total, we generated around 262 million high-quality Illumina reads. Reads were pooled, normalized and de novo assembled to generate a reference transcriptome of about 412,224 transcripts. We then estimated transcript abundance along the N. khasiana leaf by mapping individual reads from each part/zone to the reference transcriptome. Correlation-based hierarchical clustering analysis of 27,208 commonly expressed genes indicated functional relationship and similar cellular processes underlying the development of the leaf base and the pitcher, thereby implying that the Nepenthes pitcher is indeed a modified leaf. From a list of 2386 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), we identified transcripts encoding key enzymes involved in prey digestion and protection against pathogen attack, some of which are expressed at high levels in the digestive zone. Interestingly, many of these enzyme-encoding genes are also expressed in the unopened N. khasiana pitcher. Transcripts showing homology to both bacteria and fungi were also detected; and in the digestive zone, fungi are more predominant as compared to bacteria. Taking cues from histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs, we found altered expressions of key regulatory genes involved in leaf development. Of particular interest, the expression of class III HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIPIII) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) genes were upregulated in the tendril. Conclusions Our findings suggest that N. khasiana pitchers employ a wide range of enzymes for prey digestion and plant defense, harbor microbes and probably evolved through altered expression of leaf polarity genes.

show abstract

Fungal Endophyte Diversity in Sarracenia

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

Comparative Study of Bacterial Communities in Nepenthes Pitchers and Their Correlation to Species and Fluid Acidity

Isolation of Potential Antimicrobial Metabolite From Endophytic Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Dl06 of Carnivorous Plant Drosera Burmannii Vahl.

Pitchers of Nepenthes khasiana express several digestive-enzyme encoding genes, harbor mostly fungi and probably evolved through changes in the expression of leaf polarity genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About