Fungal electronics

Adamatzky, Andrew; Ayres, Philip; Beasley, Alexander E.; Chiolerio, Alessandro; Dehshibi, Mohammad Mahdi; Gandía, Antoni; Albergati, Elena; Mayne, Richard; Nikolaidou, Anna; Roberts, Nic; Tegelaar, Martin; Tsompanas, Michail‐Antisthenis; Phillips, Neil; Wösten, Han A. B.

doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104588

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In [20] we proposed to develop a structural substrate by using live fungal mycelium, functionalise the substrate with nanoparticles and polymers to make mycelium-based electronics [21,22,23], implement sensorial fusion and decision making in the mycelium networks [24] and to grow monolithic buildings from the functionalised fungal substrate [25]. Fungal buildings would self-grow, build, and repair themselves subject to substrate supplied, use natural adaptation to the environment, sense all that humans can sense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living mycelium composites discern weights

Adamatzky,

Gandia

2021

Preprint

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Fungal construction materials -substrates colonised by mycelium -are getting increased recognition as viable ecologically friendly alternatives to conventional building materials. A functionality of the constructions made from fungal materials would be enriched if blocks with living mycelium, known for their ability to respond to chemical, optical and tactile stimuli, were inserted. We investigate how large blocks of substrates colonised with mycelium of Ganoderma resinaceum respond to stimulation with heavy weights. We analyse details of the electrical responses to the stimulation with weights and show that ON and OFF stimuli can be discriminated by the living mycelium composites and that a habituation to the stimulation occurs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living mycelium composites discern weights

Adamatzky,

Gandia

2021

Preprint

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“…This may be due to the fact that in the experiments with slime mould, the electrodes were connected by a single protoplasmic tube, so its resistance was crucial, while in the fungal skin the current can also propagate along remnants of the wet hemp substrate. A very low frequency of fungal electronic oscillators does not preclude us from considering inclusion of the oscillators in fully living or hybrid analog circuits embedded into fungal architectures [34] and future specialised circuits and processors made from living and functionalised with nanoparticles fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On resistive spiking of fungi

Adamatzky,

Chiolerio,

Sirakoulis

2020

Preprint

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We study long-term electrical resistance dynamics in mycelium and fruit bodies of oyster fungi P. ostreatus. A nearly homogeneous sheet of mycelium on the surface of a growth substrate exhibits trains of resistance spikes. The average width of spikes is c. 23 min and the average amplitude is c. 1 kOhm. The distance between neighbouring spikes in a train of spikes is c. 30 min. Typically there are 4-6 spikes in a train of spikes. Two types of resistance spikes trains are found in fruit bodies: low frequency and high amplitude (28 min spike width, 1.6 kΩ amplitude, 57 min distance between spikes) and high frequency and low amplitude (10 min width, 0.6 kΩ amplitude, 44 min distance between spikes). The findings could be applied in monitoring of physiological states of fungi and future development of living electronic devices and sensors.

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“…But this then opens up the implication of; what would constitute desirable adaptations, especially within complex design issues, such as urban design? Adamaztky et al also discuss a similar issue of feedback so functional material properties can be developed within fungal architecture (Adamatzky et al, 2019). This highlights a shared and emerging issue when interacting with materials via stimuli.…”

Section: Implications Of Feedback and Adaptive Architecturementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previously, McGilivary and Gow demonstrate how stimuli can be used to alter material properties of mycelium, if kept alive, as hyphal branching can be tuned by exposing it to an electric field (McGillivray and Gow, 1986). Importantly though, to leverage desirable abilities, such as self-healing, the material must be kept alive (Adamatzky et al, 2019) but this can result in scaffolds being digested by the mycelium materials (Adamatzky et al, 2021). This highlights a balance between guiding material growth via stimuli, the longevity of pre-designed scaffolds and the need to continually supply the material units with resources to enable growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%