Fungal diversity at fragmented landscapes: synthesis and future perspectives

Grilli, Gabriel; Longo, Sergio Enrico Favero; Huais, PY; Pereyra, Mariana; Verga, EG; Urcelay, Carlos; Galetto, Leonardo

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.003

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Soils collected from under adult conspecifics may have inhibited the survival of more species or led to stronger relationships with fragment size. The most probable explanation for the variation among plant species is that responses of pathogenic fungi to fragmentation are very variable [17]. Such variability might mean that the community-wide implications of altered plant-pathogen interactions require integration over large numbers of species, perhaps combined using simulation-based approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of rainforest fragment area on the strength of plant–pathogen interactions

Viswanathan

Ghazoul

Honwad³

et al. 2019

Biol. Lett.

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Pathogenic interactions between fungi and plants facilitate plant species coexistence and tropical rainforest diversity. Such interactions, however, may be affected by forest fragmentation as fungi are susceptible to anthropogenic disturbance. To examine how fragmentation affects fungus-induced seed and seedling mortality, we sowed seeds of six plant species in soils collected from 21 forest fragments. We compared seedling establishment in unmanipulated soils to soils treated with fungicides. Fungicides increased germination of Toona ciliata seeds and decreased mortality of Syzygium rubicundum and Olea dioica seedlings. The fungus-induced mortality of one of these species, S. rubicundum , decreased with decreasing fragment size, indicating that its interactions with pathogenic fungi may weaken as fragments become smaller. We provide evidence that a potential diversity-maintaining plant–fungus interaction weakens in small forest fragments and suggest that such disruptions may have important long-term consequences for plant diversity. However, we emphasize the need for further research across rainforest plant communities to better understand the future of diversity in fragmented rainforest landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of rainforest fragment area on the strength of plant–pathogen interactions

Viswanathan

Ghazoul

Honwad³

et al. 2019

Biol. Lett.

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“…They have since been shown to apply to archaea, bacteria, fungi, and other microscopic eukaryotes in host-associated and free-living environments ranging from the temperate to the extreme [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Interest from ecologists in ISARs has been driven in part by its implied applications in forecasting the effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change [14][15][16]. Use of island-like habitats of microbes has generated interest both for their potential as model systems and for understanding how the characteristics of microbes and their communities may affect their biogeography [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Species–Area Relationships in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes Depend on Productivity

et al. 2020

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The island species–area relationship (ISAR) is a positive association between the number of species and the area of an isolated, island-like habitat. ISARs are ubiquitous across domains of life, yet the processes generating ISARs remain poorly understood, particularly for microbes. Larger and more productive islands are hypothesized to have more species because they support larger populations of each species and thus reduce the probability of stochastic extinctions in small population sizes. Here, we disentangled the effects of “island” size and productivity on the ISAR of Antarctic cryoconite holes. We compared the species richness of bacteria and microbial eukaryotes on two glaciers that differ in their productivity across varying hole sizes. We found that cryoconite holes on the more productive Canada Glacier gained more species with increasing hole area than holes on the less productive Taylor Glacier. Within each glacier, neither productivity nor community evenness explained additional variation in the ISAR. Our results are, therefore, consistent with productivity shaping microbial ISARs at broad scales. More comparisons of microbial ISARs across environments with limited confounding factors, such as cryoconite holes, and experimental manipulations within these systems will further contribute to our understanding of the processes shaping microbial biogeography.

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“…Although hypogeal morphotype richness per scat was lower at novel sites, the detection of at least 35 hypogeal morphotypes at novel sites demonstrates that highly modified landscapes can sometimes support a high diversity of these taxa. Studies in human-dominated landscapes remain very limited, but hypogeal fungi are generally thought to be negatively impacted by habitat alteration (Bougher & Lebel 2001;Grilli et al 2017). The presence of a relatively diverse hypogeal community at our novel sites is an exciting discovery and warrants further research into the causal mechanisms.…”

Section: Fungal Spore Taxonomic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Dietary variation of an endangered mycophagous mammal in novel and remnant habitats in a peri‐urban landscape

et al. 2020

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Understanding how fundamental aspects of species’ ecology, such as diet, are affected in human‐dominated landscapes is vital for informing management and conserving biodiversity – particularly where species influence important ecosystem functions. Digging, mycophagous (‘fungus‐eating’) mammals play various such roles, including the dispersal of hypogeal (‘truffle‐like’) fungi. The endangered, mycophagous southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus: Peramelidae) persists in a peri‐urban landscape south‐east of Melbourne, Australia, where it occupies both ‘novel’ habitats (linear strips of vegetation along roadsides, drains and railway lines) and ‘remnant’ habitats (larger blocks of native vegetation) within dedicated conservation areas. It remains unknown how bandicoot diet, including the diversity of hypogeal fungi, varies between these habitat types, yet this could have important conservation implications. Our study aimed to (i) compare the diet of I. o. obesulus at novel and remnant sites; and (ii) attain knowledge of hypogeal fungal diversity in these different contexts. We collected 133 bandicoot scats over 23 months and examined both broad diet composition and diversity of fungi consumed. Bandicoot diet differed between site types; in particular, ants were more prominent in scats from remnant sites, while millipedes and seeds were more prominent in scats from novel sites. All scats contained fungal spores, with hypogeal taxa comprising at least 35 of the 78 ‘morphotypes’ found at novel sites and 28 of the 59 detected at remnant sites. Fewer samples were collected at remnant sites, but they appeared to contain a greater richness of hypogeal fungi per scat. We did not detect any differences in fungal composition between site types. However, our sampling effort was insufficient to estimate true morphotype richness at either site type. Our study highlights the adaptable generalist diet of the southern brown bandicoot, as well as the likely under‐appreciated diversity of hypogeal fungi that can occur in highly modified, novel ecosystems.

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Fungal diversity at fragmented landscapes: synthesis and future perspectives

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

The effects of rainforest fragment area on the strength of plant–pathogen interactions

The effects of rainforest fragment area on the strength of plant–pathogen interactions

Microbial Species–Area Relationships in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes Depend on Productivity

Dietary variation of an endangered mycophagous mammal in novel and remnant habitats in a peri‐urban landscape

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