Fungal diversity and mycotoxin distribution in echinoderm aquaculture

Viegas, Carla; Faria, Tiago; Pombo, Ana; Caetano, Liliana Aranha; Quintal-Gomes, Anita; Twarużek, Magdalena; Kosicki, Robert; Grajewski, Jan; Viegas, Susana

doi:10.1007/s12550-019-00352-0

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, several highly abundant OTUs were classified as species of the genera Malassezia , Trichosporon , and Sterigmatomyces , which are well‐known pathogens or parasites of marine animals (Zhang et al 2014; Xu et al 2016). In addition, a few fungal genera that might cause adverse health effects were found: Aspergillus , Fusarium , and Penicillium (Viegas et al 2019), with some of these genera showing the highest abundances in the active fungal community. The high fraction of known and potentially pathogenic fungi should be taken seriously because they have the potential to cause harmful infections not only in animals but also in humans and thus may pose potential public health issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct response of total and active fungal communities and functions to seasonal changes in a semi‐enclosed bay with mariculture (Dongshan Bay, Southern China)

Xü

Yang

Luo

et al. 2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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Increasing evidence suggests that fungal communities are key components of biogeochemical cycles in coastal ecosystems. However, at a regional scale, the major drivers of the seasonal and spatial distribution of fungi in areas impacted by mariculture remain largely unknown. Intensive aquaculture takes place in Dongshan Bay of Fujian, China, a typical subtropical marine ecosystem with multiple environmental gradients extensively perturbed by anthropogenic activities. To better understand the consequences of mariculture on fungal community composition and activities, we simultaneously evaluated the temporal (four different seasons) and spatial dynamics in total (DNA) and active (RNA) fungal communities of Dongshan Bay in relation to several major physicochemical properties. Our results revealed that fungal communities in the Bay were highly diverse, but showed the ubiquitous dominance of Dikarya and the occasional predominance of Glomeromycota, Mucoromycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, Olpidiomycota, and Rozellomycota. Fungal diversity varied much more with season than with the degree of aquaculture activity, for both total and active communities. This notion is supported by co-occurrence networks exhibiting a clear seasonal pattern. Furthermore, fungal community structure in coastal waters showed distinct relationships with environmental factors varying both with season and in space. For both total and active fungal communities, a combination of environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrite exhibited the greatest impact on community structure. Our study demonstrates a distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of both total and active fungi and provides a foundation to better understand the ecological roles of marine fungi in coastal ecosystems in relation to mariculture activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct response of total and active fungal communities and functions to seasonal changes in a semi‐enclosed bay with mariculture (Dongshan Bay, Southern China)

Xü

Yang

Luo

et al. 2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…tabacinum were responsible for black gill disease in shellfish such as prawn Penaeus japonicus (Khoa and Hatai 2005 ; Khoa et al 2005 ) and Atlantic stream crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes (Alderman and Polglase 1985 ). Although recently a few reports regarding the diversity of fungi and mycotoxins in aquaculture have been published (Pietsch 2020 ; Viegas et al 2019 ), there is no data linking the presence of Fusarium sp. and their mycotoxins in fish with UDN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could mycotoxigenic Fusarium sp. play a role in ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) of brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta)?

et al. 2020

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Fusarium infections have been reported in aquatic animals, but are still poorly investigated in wild salmonids. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the fungi and their toxins on the health status of brown trout ( Salmo trutta morpha trutta ) migrating from the Baltic Sea to the freshwater. Individuals from the wild brown trout population exhibiting ulcerative skin lesions were collected from the Słupia River in Poland and subjected to microbiological, histopathological, and hematological examinations, as well as toxicological analysis for a presence of mycotoxins. The results of microflora isolation from the brown trout skin samples revealed the presence of conditionally pathogenic bacteria and fungi classified by molecular techniques as Fusarium spp. Toxicological analysis allowed for detection of zearalenone (ZEN) in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract of the fish. In several cases, there was α-zearalenone (α-ZEL) identified at trace levels in the liver, as well as sterigmatocystin and enniatin B at low levels in the kidney and the liver. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of fungal hyphae disrupting the epidermis and penetrating into the necrotic dermis and hypodermis. The decreased values of the blood parameters, i.e., hemoglobin concentration (HGB), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and white blood cell count (WBC), were indicative of osmoregulation failure being a consequence of the skin damage. The results of the study provide new information regarding Fusarium sp . infection in brown trout and serve as the basis for further research on the potential impact of the fungi and their mycotoxins on the Baltic salmonid population, including their role in ulcerative dermal necrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12550-020-00395-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…It is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 2002) as a possible human carcinogen (2B) [13], along with AFB1, which was classified as carcinogenic to humans belonging to Group 1 of IARC. Mycotoxins can also be produced simultaneously by several toxin-producing fungi, and foods and feeds can be polluted by several fungal species simultaneously [14,15]. As a result, the natural co-occurrence of two or more mycotoxins is often detected in foods [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Mycotoxin Contaminations on Aquatic Organisms: Toxic Effect of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Mixture

Paola

Iaria

Capparucci

et al. 2022

Toxins

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(1) Background: Multiple contaminations of several mycotoxins have been detected in human and veterinary food and feed worldwide. To date, a number of studies on the combined effects of mycotoxins have been conducted on cell and animal models, but very limited studies have been done on aquatic organisms. (2) The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the combined toxic effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. (3) Results: Our results showed that the combination of AFB1 and FB1 at nontoxic concentrations exerted a negative effect on the lethal endpoints analyzed, such as survival, hatching, and heart rate. In addition, the mixture of mycotoxins caused an increase in the levels of enzymes and proteins involved in the antioxidant process, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), both in terms of protein levels and gene expression, as well as an increase in the levels of the detoxification enzymes glutathione s-transferases (GST) and cytochromes P450 (CYP450). Furthermore, we showed that the mycotoxin mixture induced an increase in pro-apoptotic proteins such as bax and caspase 3, and at the same time reduced the gene expression of the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein. Finally, a significant decrease in thyroid function was observed in terms of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and vitellogenin (VTG) levels. (4) Conclusion: We can say that the mixture of mycotoxins carries a greater risk factor than individual presences. There is a greater need for effective detoxification methods to control and reduce the toxicity of multiple mycotoxins and reduce the toxicity of multiple mycotoxins in feed and throughout the food chain.

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Fungal diversity and mycotoxin distribution in echinoderm aquaculture

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Distinct response of total and active fungal communities and functions to seasonal changes in a semi‐enclosed bay with mariculture (Dongshan Bay, Southern China)

Distinct response of total and active fungal communities and functions to seasonal changes in a semi‐enclosed bay with mariculture (Dongshan Bay, Southern China)

Could mycotoxigenic Fusarium sp. play a role in ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) of brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta)?

Impact of Mycotoxin Contaminations on Aquatic Organisms: Toxic Effect of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Mixture

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