Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria

Ekpakpale, Daniella; Kraak, Bart; Meijer, M.; Ayeni, Kolawole I.; Houbraken, Jos; Ezekiel, Chibundu N.

doi:10.3390/jof7080635

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Talaromyces sayulitensis, a predominant species in the present study, had been previously identified in maize grain (Ekpakpale et al 2021), shale byproducts and household dust (de Goes et al 2017). In the present study, Talaromyces sayulitensis and other Penicillium spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Plants control the structure of mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal communities in soil in a 50-year maize monoculture experiment

Wachowska

Rychcik

2022

Plant Soil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims Saprotrophic soil fungi participate in biomass mineralization, inhibit pathogen development and promote plant growth. Pathogens accumulate in soil and decrease crop yields. The structure of fungal communities is determined mainly by the organic matter content and pH of soil. Little is known about the influence of crop rotation and long-term monoculture on saprotrophic fungi that decompose plant roots and crop residues as sources of soil biomass. Methods Fungal communities that promote plant growth (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), yeasts, Trichoderma spp.), cellulolytic fungi and pathogenic species were analyzed in a 6-year crop rotation system (maize – spring barley – peas – winter rapeseed – winter wheat – sugar beets) and in 50-year maize monoculture. Fungal DNA was extracted from the rhizosphere and plant roots, and the ITS2 region of fungal rDNA was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. In both treatments, weeds were controlled chemically (terbuthylazine + mesotrione + s-metolachlor) or mechanically. Results A total of 311 fungal species were identified. The biodiversity of soil fungi, in particular AMF and yeasts, was higher in monoculture than in crop rotation. Maize pathogens were more frequently identified in monoculture, whereas species of the genus Trichoderma were more prevalent in crop rotation. Herbicides clearly increased the abundance of cellulolytic fungi of the phyla Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota, Mortierella spp. and Minimedusa polyspora. The abiotic properties of soil were affected by the cropping sequence. The content of organic carbon (Corg) and the availability of P and Mg decreased in monoculture. Maize yields were bound by a strong positive correlation with the availability of macronutrients and Corg in soil, as well as a weak positive correlation with the abundance of Trichoderma spp., Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota. Conclusions Fungi exert a complex and ambiguous effect on maize biomass yields, whereas a decrease in the macronutrient content of soil in monoculture strongly decreases maize yields. In the long term, the cropping sequence considerably influences the structure of the soil microbiome which can be a reservoir of unique species and species that minimize the negative effects of monoculture in agroecosystems. Graphical Abstract

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Plants control the structure of mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal communities in soil in a 50-year maize monoculture experiment

Wachowska

Rychcik

2022

Plant Soil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The preservation of cassava post-harvest has always been a difficult problem to solve [ 11 ]. Post-harvest physiological deterioration of cassava occurs when blue or brown spots appeared, and microbial invasion, such as aflatoxin and penicillium, and oxidative stress induced by metabolites would cause decay and deterioration of cassava after 5 to 7 days post-harvest, which caused great loss of product and seriously restricted the annual supply of cassava and its comprehensive utilization after production [ 19 – 21 ]. Therefore, the screening and breeding of cassava with great storage tolerant cassava could be a promising strategy to solve this dilemma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced glutathione and raffinose lengthens postharvest storage of cassava root tubers by improving antioxidant capacity and antibiosis

Fu,

Zhao,

Huang

et al. 2023

BMC Plant Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cassava is an ideal food security crop in marginal and drought environment. However, the post-harvest storage of cassava is urgent problem to be resolved. In this study, the storage tolerant and non-tolerant cassava were screened by measuring the change of Peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seven cultivars of cassava. Compared with other cultivars, the cultivar of SC14 showed the highest level of SOD, MDA and POD respectively at 0 day, 12 day and 9 day postharvest while exhibited lowest level of CAT at 0 day postharvest, indicating the strongest antioxidant capability and storage tolerance. In contrast, GR15231, termed as storage non-tolerance cultivars, showed lowest SOD and POD at 12 day and kept a relative high level of CAT at 12 day post-harvest. In addition, SC14 has higher level of starch and dry substance than GR15231. Mass spectrum was performed for SC14 and GR15231 to explore the key metabolites regulating the storage tolerance of cassava. The results showed that the expression of glutathione (reduced) and raffinose was significantly decreased at 12 day post-harvest both in tolerant SC14 and non-tolerant GR15231. Compared with GR15231, SC14 showed higher level of raffinose both at 0 and 12 day post-harvest, indicating that raffinose may be the potential metabolites protecting SC14 cultivar from deterioration post-harvest. Additionally, raffinose ratio of SC14a/SC14b was five times less than that of GR15231a/GR15231b, reflecting the slower degradation of raffinose in SC14 cultivar compared with GR15231 cultivar. In conclusion, the antioxidant microenvironment induced by reduced glutathione and higher level of raffinose in SC14 cultivar might be the promising metabolites to improve its antioxidant capacity and antibiosis and thus maintained the quality of Cassava root tubers.

show abstract

“…To ensure adequate fit of the selected distributions, Q-Q plots and P-P plots were examined for the final distributions before proceeding with exposure assessment and risk analysis (see Supplementary material S2). For use in quantitative risk (Adebajo et al, 1994;Atawodi et al, 1994;Bankole and Mabekoje, 2007;Atehnkeng et al, 2008;Ayejuyo et al, 2011;Onilude et al, 2012;Perrone et al, 2014;Bandyopadhyay et al, 2019;Keta J. N. et al, 2019;Oyeka et al, 2019;Ayeni et al, 2020;Mbaawuaga et al, 2020;Onyedum et al, 2020;Shehu et al, 2020;Ekpakpale et al,…”

Section: Aflatoxin Concentration In Samples (C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aflatoxin concentration (ng/g) C ∼TN (m = 52.1, s = 36.7, 0, 372) Included studies: (Ibeh et al, 1991;Ayejuyo et al, 2011;Makun et al, 2011Makun et al, , 2014Adejumo et al, 2013;Olorunmowaju et al, 2014;Rofiat et al, 2015;Awuchi et al, 2020;Onyedum et al, 2020;Ekpakpale et al, 2021;Ezekiel et al, 2021;Wartu, 2021)…”

Section: Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of aflatoxin exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk associated with consumption of select Nigerian staple foods

Wenndt

Mutua²,

Grace³

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aflatoxin contamination of staple grains and legumes has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other adverse health outcomes, constituting a substantial public health concern globally. Low-resource food environments in sub-Saharan Africa are often under-regulated and are particularly vulnerable to adverse health and nutrition outcomes associated with aflatoxin exposure. This study identifies levels of HCC risk in the northern Nigerian adult population, leveraging a systematic review of available evidence on aflatoxin contamination in Nigerian maize, groundnut, rice, cowpea, and soybean. Estimated dietary intake (EDI) was computed using publicly available dietary consumption data and a probabilistic quantitative risk assessment was conducted to determine the relative risk of HCC associated with consumption of selected aflatoxin-contaminated commodities. In total, 41 eligible studies reporting aflatoxin contamination were used to model the distribution of aflatoxin concentrations in Nigerian commodities. EDIs for maize, groundnut, rice, and cowpea exceeded the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) level of 1 kgbw-1 day-1, with maize yielding the highest mean EDI (36.7 kgbw-1 day-1). The quantitative risk assessment estimated that 1.77, 0.44, 0.43, 0.15, and 0.01 HCC cases per year/100,000 population were attributable to aflatoxin exposure through maize, groundnut, rice, cowpea, and soybean, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that aflatoxin concentration, dietary consumption levels, consumption frequency, and other variables have differing relative contributions to HCC risk across commodities. These findings constitute a novel multi-study risk assessment approach in the Nigerian context and substantiate existing evidence suggesting that there is reason for public health concern regarding aflatoxin exposure in the Nigerian population.

show abstract

Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Plants control the structure of mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal communities in soil in a 50-year maize monoculture experiment

Plants control the structure of mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungal communities in soil in a 50-year maize monoculture experiment

Reduced glutathione and raffinose lengthens postharvest storage of cassava root tubers by improving antioxidant capacity and antibiosis

Quantitative assessment of aflatoxin exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk associated with consumption of select Nigerian staple foods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About