Fungal Diseases in Two North-West Spain Vineyards: Relationship with Meteorological Conditions and Predictive Aerobiological Model

Rodríguez, J. Antonio Cortiñas; González-Fernández, Estefanía; Fernández-González, María; Vázquez‐Ruiz, Rosa Ana; Aira, María Jesús

doi:10.3390/agronomy10020219

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Concerning airborne P. viticola sporangia, the current study confirmed other reports that P. viticola sporangia are a common component of the airborne microflora of vineyards (Diaz et al, 1998;Albelda et al, 2005;Fernandez-Gonzalez et al, 2009;Magyar et al, 2009;Fernández-González et al, 2011Martínez-Bracero et al, 2019;Rodríguez et al, 2020). This is highly relevant to DM management: while the inoculum for primary infection is available only following a rain, the secondary inoculum is always present when P. viticola is established in the vineyard.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The next model step consists of DM-free sites on which the sporangia deposit after being detached from sporangiophores on sporulating DM lesions and dispersed into the air (Figure 1). Because P. viticola sporangia become airborne under a wide range of environmental conditions (Caffi et al, 2013a) and because they are normally present in the air of DM-affected vineyards (Diaz et al, 1997(Diaz et al, , 1998Albelda et al, 2005;Fernandez-Gonzalez et al, 2009;Magyar et al, 2009;Fernández-González et al, 2011Martínez-Bracero et al, 2019;Rodríguez et al, 2020), the model assumes that whenever there are sporangia on DM lesions, sporangia may detach, disperse, and be deposited on the host surface, i.e., when D' > 0; if D' = 0, there are no viable sporangia, and the model run ends.…”

Section: Spore Dispersal and Deposition Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Weather-Driven Model for Predicting Infections of Grapevines by Sporangia of Plasmopara viticola

et al. 2021

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A mechanistic model was developed to predict secondary infections of Plasmopara viticola and their severity as influenced by environmental conditions; the model incorporates the processes of sporangia production and survival on downy mildew (DM) lesions, dispersal and deposition, and infection. The model was evaluated against observed data (collected in a 3-year vineyard) for its accuracy to predict periods with no sporangia (i.e., for negative prognosis) or with peaks of sporangia, so that growers can identify periods with no/low risk or high risk. The model increased the probability to correctly predict no sporangia [P(P−O−) = 0.67] by two times compared to the prior probability, with fewer than 3% of the total sporangia found in the vineyard being sampled when not predicted by the model. The model also correctly predicted peaks of sporangia, with only 1 of 40 peaks unpredicted. When evaluated for the negative prognosis of infection periods, the model showed a posterior probability for infection not to occur when not predicted P(P−O−) = 0.87 with only 9 of 108 real infections not predicted; these unpredicted infections were mild, accounting for only 4.4% of the total DM lesions observed in the vineyard. In conclusion, the model was able to identify periods in which the DM risk was nil or very low. It may, therefore, help growers avoid fungicide sprays when not needed and lengthen the interval between two sprays, i.e., it will help growers move from calendar-based to risk-based fungicide schedules for the control of P. viticola in vineyards.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Spore Dispersal and Deposition Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Weather-Driven Model for Predicting Infections of Grapevines by Sporangia of Plasmopara viticola

et al. 2021

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“…Largely, the spore concentrations showed a positive correlation with temperatures and relative humidity and negative relation with rainfall and wind speed. The similar behavior has been pointed out by several author in other environments, such as for Aspergillus/Penicillium airborne spores [70] or other phytopathogen spores such as Botrytis, Erysiphe or Plasmopara in Vitis vinifera crops [76].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Fungal Phytopathogenic Spore First Assessment in an Olive Orchard of Northwestern Spain

et al. 2022

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The most common fungal diseases of Olea europaea are olive leaf spot (Fusicladium oleagineum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) and cercospora leaf spot (Pseudocercospora cladosporioides). To know the fungal load during the vegetative olive cycle, an aerobiological and phenological study was conducted in an olive grove in North-West Spain. For the aerobiological study, the Spanish Aerobiological Network protocol was followed using a Hirst-type spore trap. The goal of the study was to assess the spore concentrations in the atmosphere of the olive grove and their relationship with the meteorological parameters by applying statistical procedures, including a Cluster analysis, Spearman’s correlation test and PCA analysis. The most abundant spores belong to Fusicladium, registering the double of values than Colletotrichum and Pseudocercospora. The hours with the highest spores’ presence were from 11:00 to 12:00 for Fusicladium and Colletotrichum, and from 17:00 to 18:00 for Pseudocercospora. The Spearman’s and PCA test showed a positive association between temperature and relative humidity with the spores’ concentrations. The combination of meteorological, phenological and aerobiological parameters is a useful tool to understand the ecological behavior of the considered phytopathogenic fungal spores in order to develop futures strategies for the integrated management of fungal olive diseases in areas at the limit of this tree distribution.

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“…The alternative to the exclusive use of synthetic chemical plant protection in the fight against powdery mildew should be focused on three areas: preventive agronomic treatments, biological control and chemical fungicides used rationally (Cortiñas et al 2020).…”

Section: Alternatives For a More Sustainable Control Of Phytosanitary Products In Ribeira Sacramentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable use of plant protection products in heroic viticulture areas. Reducing risks to the environment and winemaking

Cortiñas

Fernández-Conde

2021

Preprint

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Objective: The aim and objective of this article is to focus on the importance of the rational use of plant protection products to combat vine fungi and at the same time reduce their risks to human health and the environment. The integrated management of fungal diseases aims to achieve the development of healthy crops with the minimum alteration of agro-ecosystems and the promotion of natural mechanisms. Material and methods: The study was carried out in one vineyard in Ribeira Sacra (North-West Spain) during 2018. Souto vineyard is located at 438 m above mean sea level (42° 24' 27.67" N 7° 28' 20.06" W; northwest-southeast orientation) in the lower terraces of the river Sil's banks, following the contour lines and with gradients of up to 80%. The variety studied was Godello, for sampling the reproductive structures in the air (spores of Botrytis and Erysiphe and sporangia of Plasmopara), a Lanzoni VPPS-2000® spore trap (Lanzoni s.r.l., Bologna, Italy) was used. Results: The Botrytis Seasonal Spore Integral (SSIn) was markedly higher than for the other pathogens under consideration. Taking into account the maximum daily values, a clear dominance of Botrytis spores was also found, with a maximum of 397 spores/m3 at the beginning of June, while Erysiphe and Plasmopara were recorded at around 26 and 227 spores/m3, respectively, at the beginning of august and mid-July. The statistical analysis of the spore concentrations and the main meteorological variables showed for Erysiphe that the highest Spearman's r correlation coefficient corresponded to the rainfall, as for Plasmopara airbone sporangia, but with a negative sign, while for Botrytis spores, no significant correspondence was found for any meteorological parameter. Conclusion: The use of plant protection products can be much more effective if fungicides are applied at the right time, at the precise doses and combined with agricultural techniques of management of the vineyards. There are sustainable and profitable alternatives that can improve vine yields while protecting the environment in areas of heroic viticulture where the vineyard, is a fundamental element of the wine-growing landscape, combining as it does historical, cultural and landscape characteristics.

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Fungal Diseases in Two North-West Spain Vineyards: Relationship with Meteorological Conditions and Predictive Aerobiological Model

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

A Weather-Driven Model for Predicting Infections of Grapevines by Sporangia of Plasmopara viticola

A Weather-Driven Model for Predicting Infections of Grapevines by Sporangia of Plasmopara viticola

Fungal Phytopathogenic Spore First Assessment in an Olive Orchard of Northwestern Spain

Sustainable use of plant protection products in heroic viticulture areas. Reducing risks to the environment and winemaking

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