Fungal Diseases

Weese, DVSc J. Scott; BSc, BEd Martha B. Fulford

doi:10.1002/9780470958957.ch4

Cited by 4 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Almost all staphylococcal species have been identified as causes of opportunistic infections (Otto, 2004). However, certain Staphylococcus species are recurring and are considered threatening pathogens (Weese, 2010). For instance, Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening human diseases including severe sepsis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome and endocarditis (Lowy, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Molecular Survey of Bacterial Species in the Guts of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Reared on Two Urban Organic Waste Streams in Kenya

et al. 2021

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Globally, the expansion of livestock and fisheries production is severely constrained due to the increasing costs and ecological footprint of feed constituents. The utilization of black soldier fly (BSF) as an alternative protein ingredient to fishmeal and soybean in animal feed has been widely documented. The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) used are known to voraciously feed and grow in contaminated organic wastes. Thus, several concerns about their safety for inclusion into animal feed remain largely unaddressed. This study evaluated both culture-dependent sequence-based and 16S rDNA amplification analysis to isolate and identify bacterial species associated with BSFL fed on chicken manure (CM) and kitchen waste (KW). The bacteria species from the CM and KW were also isolated and investigated. Results from the culture-dependent isolation strategies revealed that Providencia sp. was the most dominant bacterial species detected from the guts of BSFL reared on CM and KW. Morganella sp. and Brevibacterium sp. were detected in CM, while Staphylococcus sp. and Bordetella sp. were specific to KW. However, metagenomic studies showed that Providencia and Bordetella were the dominant genera observed in BSFL gut and processed waste substrates. Pseudomonas and Comamonas were recorded in the raw waste substrates. The diversity of bacterial genera recorded from the fresh rearing substrates was significantly higher compared to the diversity observed in the gut of the BSFL and BSF frass (leftovers of the rearing substrates). These findings demonstrate that the presence and abundance of microbiota in BSFL and their associated waste vary considerably. However, the presence of clinically pathogenic strains of bacteria in the gut of BSFL fed both substrates highlight the biosafety risk of potential vertical transmission that might occur, if appropriate pre-and-postharvest measures are not enforced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the significance of Staphylococcus aureus in terms of public health is caused by its ability to develop resistance to antimicrobials (Weese, 2010). The low diversity and limited abundance of bacterial species including Staphylococcus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Survey of Bacterial Species in the Guts of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Reared on Two Urban Organic Waste Streams in Kenya

et al. 2021

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“…Around 20-50%, of the fungal infections in humans, can be transmitted directly or indirectly by animals, including cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidiomycosis and dermatophytosis. The last one is the most frequent zoonosis [59], while sporotrichosis is described as the most prevalent and widespread subcutaneous infection worldwide [60]. Dermatophytes can be transmitted to people from different sources; these sources can be anthropophilic fungi infecting humans almost exclusively, zoophilic fungi infecting animals and being transmitted to humans, or geophilic fungi, being found in the soil and infecting both humans and animals.…”

Section: Fungal Effects On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. fumigatus sensu stricto, due to its small conidia, high thermotolerance, rapid growth, and optimal temperature of 37 • C, can affect both the upper and the lower respiratory tract. The damage caused is due to the fungus itself and also due to the host's inflammatory response, causing a range of health issues that can include an allergic reaction, colonization or semi-invasive disease, or even acute invasive aspergillosis, depending on the immune status of the host [59,62,68]. Although invasive aspergillosis may be rare in immunocompetent individuals, in immunocompromised people it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality [59,62,69].…”

Section: Fungal Effects On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi in a One Health Perspective

2023

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Fungi constitute a diverse group with highly positive and negative impacts in different environments, having several natural roles and beneficial applications in human life, but also causing several concerns. Fungi can affect human health directly, but also indirectly by being detrimental for animal and plant health, influencing food safety and security. Climate changes are also affecting fungal distribution, prevalence, and their impact on different settings. Searching for sustainable solutions to deal with these issues is challenging due to the complex interactions among fungi and agricultural and forestry plants, animal production, environment, and human and animal health. In this way, the “One Health” approach may be useful to obtain some answers since it recognizes that human health is closely connected to animal and plant health, as well as to the shared environment. This review aims to explore and correlate each of those factors influencing human health in this “One Health” perspective. Thus, the impact of fungi on plants, human, and animal health, and the role of the environment as an influencing factor on these elements are discussed.

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“…In many cases, the same species on the cleaning supplies were also isolated from floors, and the authors argue that improperly disinfected cleaning tools may promote fungal spread [26]. Other studies have found M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes, common agents of onychomycosis, in up to 48.4% of household vacuum cleaners tested [47,48], and it has been argued that vacuums without proper filters may result in further dissemination of fungi and spores [49].…”

Section: Persistence Of Fungi Within the Household Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Onychomycosis and Dermatophytosis between Household Members: A Scoping Review

Jazdarehee

Malekafzali

Lee

et al. 2022

JoF

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Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail, caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes, and yeasts. Predisposing factors include older age, trauma, diabetes, immunosuppression, and previous history of nail psoriasis or tinea pedis. Though many biological risk factors have been well characterized, the role of the environment has been less clear. Studies have found evidence of transmission in 44% to 47% of households with at least one affected individual, but the underlying mechanisms and risk factors for transmission of onychomycosis between household members are incompletely understood. A scoping literature review was performed to characterize and summarize environmental risk factors involved in the transmission of onychomycosis within households. A total of 90 papers met the inclusion criteria, and extracted data was analyzed in an iterative manner. Shared household surfaces may harbor dermatophytes and provide sources for infection. Shared household equipment, including footwear, bedding, and nail tools, may transmit dermatophytes. The persistence of dermatophytes on household cleaning supplies, linen, and pets may serve as lasting sources of infection. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations that aim to interrupt household transmission of onychomycosis. Further investigation of the specific mechanisms behind household spread is needed to break the cycle of transmission, reducing the physical and social impacts of onychomycosis.

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Fungal Diseases

Cited by 4 publications

References 120 publications

A Molecular Survey of Bacterial Species in the Guts of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Reared on Two Urban Organic Waste Streams in Kenya

A Molecular Survey of Bacterial Species in the Guts of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Reared on Two Urban Organic Waste Streams in Kenya

Fungi in a One Health Perspective

Transmission of Onychomycosis and Dermatophytosis between Household Members: A Scoping Review

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